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In certain situations, anticonvulsants may be used to try to prevent seizures. [7] These situations include focal neurological problems (e.g. inability to move a limb) and focal changes of the brain tissue on CT or MRI scan. [7] Evidence to support or refute the use of antiepileptic drugs as a preventive measure, however, is lacking. [22]
The primary goals of stroke management are to reduce brain injury and promote maximum patient recovery. Rapid detection and appropriate emergency medical care are essential for optimizing health outcomes. [1] When available, patients are admitted to an acute stroke unit for treatment.
Superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) is a blood clot formed in a superficial vein, a vein near the surface of the body. Usually there is thrombophlebitis, which is an inflammatory reaction around a thrombosed vein, presenting as a painful induration (thickening of the skin) with redness.
Therapeutic hypothermia: This is being explored as a neuroprotection treatment option for patients with traumatic brain injury and is suspected to help reduce intracranial pressure. [45] Erythropoietin has been reported to protect nerve cells from hypoxia-induced glutamate toxicity (see erythropoietin in neuroprotection).
Atomoxetine is sometimes used in the treatment of cognitive impairment and frontal lobe symptoms due to conditions like traumatic brain injury (TBI). [47] [48] It is used to treat ADHD-like symptoms such as sustained attentional problems, disinhibition, [49] lack of arousal, fatigue, and depression, including symptoms from cognitive disengagement syndrome. [47]
[2] [4] If this is insufficient for treating vasovagal syncope, medications such as midodrine or fludrocortisone may be tried. [4] Occasionally, a cardiac pacemaker may be used as treatment. [2] Reflex syncope affects at least 1 in 1,000 people per year. [1] It is the most common type of syncope, making up more than 50% of all cases. [2]
The brain damage caused by radiation depends on where the brain tumor is located, the amount of radiation used, and the duration of the treatment. Radiosurgery can also lead to tissue damage that results in about 1 in 20 patients requiring a second operation to remove the damaged tissue.
A traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as an intracranial injury, is an injury to the brain caused by an external force. TBI can be classified based on severity ranging from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI/concussion) to severe traumatic brain injury. [ 5 ]