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  2. Non-nucleophilic base - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-nucleophilic_base

    Normal bases are also nucleophiles, but often chemists seek the proton-removing ability of a base without any other functions. Typical non-nucleophilic bases are bulky, such that protons can attach to the basic center but alkylation and complexation is inhibited.

  3. Nucleophile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleophile

    A hydroxide ion acting as a nucleophile in an S N 2 reaction, converting a haloalkane into an alcohol. In chemistry, a nucleophile is a chemical species that forms bonds by donating an electron pair. All molecules and ions with a free pair of electrons or at least one pi bond can act as nucleophiles. Because nucleophiles donate electrons, they ...

  4. Azide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azide

    However, it has the disadvantage to be prone to trigger unexpected and undesirable side reactions that can jeopardize the experimental results. Indeed, the azide anion is a nucleophile and a redox-active species. Being prone to disproportionation, it can behave both as an oxidizing and as a reducing agent. Therefore, it is susceptible to ...

  5. Azo coupling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azo_coupling

    In organic chemistry, an azo coupling is an reaction between a diazonium compound (R−N≡N +) and another aromatic compound that produces an azo compound (R−N=N−R’).In this electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, the aryldiazonium cation is the electrophile, and the activated carbon (usually from an arene, which is called coupling agent), serves as a nucleophile.

  6. Substitution reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_reaction

    In such reactions, the nucleophile is usually electrically neutral or negatively charged, whereas the substrate is typically neutral or positively charged. An example of nucleophilic substitution is the hydrolysis of an alkyl bromide, R−Br, under basic conditions, where the attacking nucleophile is the base OH − and the leaving group is Br −:

  7. Organolithium reagent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organolithium_reagent

    In organometallic chemistry, organolithium reagents are chemical compounds that contain carbon–lithium (C–Li) bonds.These reagents are important in organic synthesis, and are frequently used to transfer the organic group or the lithium atom to the substrates in synthetic steps, through nucleophilic addition or simple deprotonation. [1]

  8. Refinance rates for Thursday, December 19, 2024 - AOL

    www.aol.com/finance/mortgage-and-refinance-rates...

    See today's average mortgage rates for a 30-year fixed mortgage, 15-year fixed, jumbo loans, refinance rates and more — including up-to-date rate news.

  9. Benzoin condensation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzoin_condensation

    The reaction is catalyzed by nucleophiles such as a cyanide or an N-heterocyclic carbene (usually thiazolium salts). The reaction mechanism was proposed in 1903 by A. J. Lapworth . [ 7 ] In the first step in this reaction, the cyanide anion (as sodium cyanide ) reacts with the aldehyde in a nucleophilic addition .