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The pathophysiology depends on the specific cause of right axis deviation. Most causes can be attributed to one of four main mechanisms. [14] [15] These include right ventricular hypertrophy, reduced muscle mass of left ventricle, altered conduction pathways and change in the position of the heart in the chest. [citation needed]
The hexaxial reference system is a diagram that is used to determine the heart's electrical axis in the frontal plane.. In electrocardiography, left axis deviation (LAD) is a condition wherein the mean electrical axis of ventricular contraction of the heart lies in a frontal plane direction between −30° and −90°.
ECG would be abnormal in 75 to 95% of the patients. Characteristic ECG changes would be large QRS complex associated with giant T wave inversion [4] in lateral leads I, aVL, V5, and V6, together with ST segment depression in left ventricular thickening. For right ventricular thickening, T waves are inverted from V2 to V3 leads.
A mnemonic can be used for some causes of ST depression, namely DEPRESSED ST: [citation needed]. D - Drooping valve (mitral valve prolapse) E - Enlargement of the left ventricle P - Potassium loss R - Reciprocal ST depression (e.g. inferior wall MI) E - Encephalon hemorrhage S - Subendocardial infarct S - Subendocardial ischemia E - Embolism (pulmonary) D - Dilated cardiomyopathy S - Shock T ...
Left anterior fascicular block (LAFB) is an abnormal condition of the left ventricle of the heart, [1] [2] related to, but distinguished from, left bundle branch block (LBBB). It is caused by only the left anterior fascicle – one half of the left bundle branch being defective. It is manifested on the ECG by left axis deviation.
Electrocardiography (ECG/EKG in German vernacular. Elektrokardiogram) monitors electrical activity of the heart, primarily as recorded from the skin surface. A 12 lead recording, recording the electrical activity in three planes, anterior, posterior, and lateral is the most commonly used form.
It is usually an incidental finding on a routine ECG. [4] First-degree heart block does not require any particular investigations except for electrolyte and drug screens, especially if an overdose is suspected. [5] In comparison to second-degree atrioventricular block, in first-degree block there is an absence of non-conduction or "dropped beats."
An EKG of a 25-year-old male. Intraventricular conduction delays (IVCD) are conduction disorders seen in intraventricular propagation of supraventricular impulses resulting in changes in the QRS complex duration or morphology, or both. IVCD can be caused by abnormalities in the structures of bundle of His, Purkinje fibers or ventricular myocardium.