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  2. Tropical rainforest - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_rainforest

    The structure of a tropical rainforest is stratified into layers, each hosting unique ecosystems. These include the emergent layer with towering trees, the densely populated canopy layer, the understory layer rich in wildlife, and the forest floor, which is sparse due to low light penetration. The soil is characteristically nutrient-poor and ...

  3. Rainforest - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainforest

    Another factor causing the loss of rainforest is expanding urban areas. Littoral rainforest growing along coastal areas of eastern Australia is now rare due to ribbon development to accommodate the demand for seachange lifestyles. [47] Forests are being destroyed at a rapid pace. [48] [49] [50] Almost 90% of West Africa's rainforest has been ...

  4. Stratification (vegetation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratification_(vegetation)

    The shrub layer is the stratum of vegetation within a habitat with heights of about 1.5 to 5 metres. This layer consists mostly of young trees and bushes, and it may be divided into the first and second shrub layers (low and high bushes). The shrub layer needs sun and little moisture, unlike the moss layer which requires a lot of water.

  5. Tropical vegetation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_vegetation

    Rainforest vegetation is categorized by five layers. The top layer being the upper tree layer. Here you will find the largest and widest trees in all the forest. These trees tend to have very large canopies so they can be fully exposed to sunlight. A layer below that is the middle tree layer. Here you will find more compact trees and vegetation.

  6. Canopy (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy_(biology)

    Many rainforest animals have evolved to live solely in the canopy and never touch the ground. The canopy of a rainforest is typically about 10 m thick, and intercepts around 95% of sunlight. [9] The canopy is below the emergent layer, a sparse layer of very tall trees, typically one or two per hectare. With an abundance of water and a near ...

  7. Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical...

    The canopy can be divided into five layers: overstory canopy with emergent crowns, a medium layer of canopy, lower canopy, shrub level, and finally understory. [1] [3] [4] The canopy is home to many of the forest's animals, including apes and monkeys. Below the canopy, a lower understory hosts snakes and big cats.

  8. Temperate coniferous forest - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_coniferous_forest

    Temperate coniferous forests sustain the highest levels of biomass in any terrestrial ecosystem and are notable for trees of massive proportions in temperate rainforest regions. [1] Structurally, these forests are rather simple, consisting of 2 layers generally: an overstory and understory. However, some forests may support a layer of shrubs.

  9. Altitudinal zonation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation

    Heating of solids, sunlight and shade in different altitudinal zones (Northern hemisphere) [5] A variety of environmental factors determines the boundaries of altitudinal zones found on mountains, ranging from direct effects of temperature and precipitation to indirect characteristics of the mountain itself, as well as biological interactions of the species.