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  2. Pantothenic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantothenic_acid

    Pantothenic acid is a water-soluble vitamin, one of the B vitamins. It is synthesized from the amino acid β-alanine and pantoic acid (see biosynthesis and structure of coenzyme A figures). Unlike vitamin E or vitamin K , which occurs in several chemically related forms known as vitamers , pantothenic acid is only one chemical compound.

  3. Vitamin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin

    Vitamins are classified as either water-soluble or fat-soluble. In humans there are 13 vitamins: 4 fat-soluble (A, D, E, and K) and 9 water-soluble (8 B vitamins and vitamin C). Water-soluble vitamins dissolve easily in water and, in general, are readily excreted from the body, to the degree that urinary output is a strong predictor of vitamin ...

  4. Hypervitaminosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervitaminosis

    With few exceptions, like some vitamins from B-complex, hypervitaminosis usually occurs with the fat-soluble vitamins A and D, which are stored, respectively, in the liver and fatty tissues of the body. These vitamins build up and remain for a longer time in the body than water-soluble vitamins. [2] Conditions include: Hypervitaminosis A

  5. B vitamins - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_vitamins

    Because water-soluble B vitamins are eliminated in the urine, taking large doses of certain B vitamins usually only produces transient side effects (only exception is pyridoxine). General side effects may include restlessness, nausea and insomnia. These side effects are almost always caused by dietary supplements and not foodstuffs.

  6. List of food additives - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_food_additives

    Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) – antioxidant (water-soluble) Ascorbyl palmitate – antioxidant (fat soluble) Ascorbyl stearate – antioxidant (fat soluble) Aspartame – artificial sweetener; Aspartame-acesulfame salt – artificial sweetener; Astaxanthin – color; Avocado oil – used a substitute for olive oil. Also used in cosmetics and skin ...

  7. Riboflavin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riboflavin

    Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B 2, is a water-soluble vitamin and is one of the B vitamins. [3] [4] [5] Unlike folate and vitamin B 6, which occur in several chemically related forms known as vitamers, riboflavin is only one chemical compound.

  8. Olestra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olestra

    [4]: 340 Since it contains fatty acid functional groups, olestra is able to dissolve lipid-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, and vitamin A, along with carotenoids. Fat-soluble nutrients consumed with olestra products are excreted with the undigested olestra molecules.

  9. Solubility chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility_chart

    The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.