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The common "knightly swords" of the high medieval period (11th to early 12th centuries) fall under types X to XII. Type X is the Norman sword as it developed out of the early medieval Viking sword by the 11th century. Type XI shows the development towards a more tapering point seen during the 12th century.
Oakeshott X describes swords that were common in the late Viking age and remained in use until the 13th century. The blades of these swords are narrower and longer than the typical Viking sword, marking the transition to the knightly sword of the High Middle Ages. This type exhibits a broad, flat blade, 80 centimetres (2.6 ft) long on average.
[18] In Old English, swords were termed sweord, although other terms used for such weapons included heoru or heru, bill or bile, and mēce or mǣce. [29] Anglo-Saxon swords comprised two-edged straight, flat blades. [29]
The forte, strong, is that part of the blade closest to the hilt; in cases where a master divides the blade into an even number of parts, this is the first half of the blade. The debole, weak, is the part of the blade which includes the point and is the second half of the blade when the sword is divided into an even number of parts. However ...
Szczerbiec is a 98 cm-long (39 in) ceremonial sword bearing rich Gothic ornamentation, dated to the mid-13th century. [8] [9] It is classified as a type XII sword with a type I pommel and a type 6 crossguard according to the Oakeshott typology, [6] although the blade may have changed its shape due to centuries of corrosion and intensive cleaning before every coronation.
The Military Museum said it may exhibit the sword in December A museum worker who was swimming in a Polish river two years ago discovered a sword dating back as far as the 9th century, officials said.
Swords can have single or double bladed edges or even edgeless. The blade can be curved or straight. Arming sword; Dagger; Estoc; Falchion; Katana; Knife; Longsword; Messer; Rapier; Sabre or saber (Most sabers belong to the renaissance period, but some sabers can be found in the late medieval period)
The cutlass is a 17th-century descendant of the edged short sword, exemplified by the medieval falchion.. Woodsmen and soldiers in the 17th and 18th centuries used a similar short and broad backsword called a hanger, or in German a messer, meaning "knife".