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  2. true and false (commands) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_and_false_(commands)

    The true command is sometimes substituted with the very similar null command, [1] written as a single colon (:). The null command is built into the shell, and may therefore be more efficient if true is an external program (true is usually a shell built in function). We can rewrite the upper example using : instead of true:

  3. Shell script - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script

    A shell script is a computer program ... the Bourne shell, and GNU Bash. While a Unix operating system ... but the reverse may not be true since BASH has extensions ...

  4. While loop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/While_loop

    The condition/expression is evaluated, and if the condition/expression is true, [1] the code within all of their following in the block is executed. This repeats until the condition/expression becomes false. Because the while loop checks the condition/expression before the block is executed, the control structure is often also known as a pre ...

  5. Comparison of command shells - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_command_shells

    If a script is invoked as an argument to the interpreting shell, it will be executed regardless of whether the user holds the execute permission for that script. Although Windows also specifies an execute permission, none of the Windows-specific shells block script execution if the permission has not been granted.

  6. Bash (Unix shell) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash_(Unix_shell)

    Bash can execute the vast majority of Bourne shell scripts without modification, with the exception of Bourne shell scripts stumbling into fringe syntax behavior interpreted differently in Bash or attempting to run a system command matching a newer Bash builtin, etc. Bash command syntax includes ideas drawn from the Korn Shell (ksh) and the C ...

  7. Unix shell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_shell

    tcsh and sh shell windows on a Mac OS X Leopard [1] desktop. A Unix shell is a command-line interpreter or shell that provides a command line user interface for Unix-like operating systems. The shell is both an interactive command language and a scripting language, and is used by the operating system to control the execution of the system using ...

  8. C shell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_shell

    The C shell (csh or the improved version, tcsh) is a Unix shell created by Bill Joy while he was a graduate student at University of California, Berkeley in the late 1970s. It has been widely distributed, beginning with the 2BSD release of the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) which Joy first distributed in 1978.

  9. Process substitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_substitution

    The steps the shell performs are: Create a new anonymous pipe. This pipe will be accessible with something like /dev/fd/63; you can see it with a command like echo <(true). Execute the substituted command in the background (sort file2 in this case), piping its output to the anonymous pipe.