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  2. Mass segregation (astronomy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_segregation_(astronomy)

    Many globular clusters, such as the 13-Gyr old cluster M30 (pictured), are mass segregated.. In astronomy, dynamical mass segregation is the process by which heavier members of a gravitationally bound system, such as a star cluster, tend to move toward the center, while lighter members tend to move farther away from the center.

  3. Messier 4 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_4

    M4 is approximately 6,000 light-years away, [10] making it the closest globular cluster to the Solar System. It has an estimated age of 12.2 billion years. [7] In astronomy, the abundance of elements other than hydrogen and helium is called the metallicity, and it is usually denoted by the abundance ratio of iron to hydrogen as compared to the ...

  4. NGC 6397 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_6397

    NGC 6397 (also known as Caldwell 86) is a globular cluster in the constellation Ara that was discovered by French astronomer Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille in 1752. [9] It is located about 7,800 light-years from Earth, [3] making it one of the two nearest globular clusters to Earth (the other one being Messier 4).

  5. Stellar nucleosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_nucleosynthesis

    The first one, the proton–proton chain reaction, is the dominant energy source in stars with masses up to about the mass of the Sun. The second process, the carbon–nitrogen–oxygen cycle, which was also considered by Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker in 1938, is more important in more massive main-sequence stars.

  6. Quasar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasar

    The conversion of gravitational potential energy to radiation by infalling to a black hole converts between 6% and 32% of the mass to energy, compared to 0.7% for the conversion of mass to energy in a star like the Sun. [40] It is the only process known that can produce such high power over a very long term.

  7. Star formation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_formation

    The W51 nebula in Aquila - one of the largest star factories in the Milky Way (August 25, 2020). Star formation is the process by which dense regions within molecular clouds in interstellar space, sometimes referred to as "stellar nurseries" or "star-forming regions", collapse and form stars. [1]

  8. Molecular cloud - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloud

    A molecular cloud, sometimes called a stellar nursery (if star formation is occurring within), is a type of interstellar cloud, the density and size of which permit absorption nebulae, the formation of molecules (most commonly molecular hydrogen, H 2), and the formation of H II regions.

  9. Protostar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protostar

    The energy generated from ordinary stars comes from the nuclear fusion occurring at their centers. Protostars also generate energy, but it comes from the radiation liberated at the shocks on its surface and on the surface of its surrounding disk. The radiation thus created must traverse the interstellar dust in the surrounding dense core. The ...