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In most modern reptiles and amphibians, the quadratojugal is a prominent, straplike bone in the skull and provides structural integrity in the postorbital region of the skull. [6] In many reptiles, the inner face of the quadratojugal also connects to the quadrate bone which forms the cranium's contribution to the jaw joint.
The quadrate bone is a skull bone in most tetrapods, including amphibians, sauropsids (reptiles, birds), and early synapsids. In most tetrapods, the quadrate bone connects to the quadratojugal and squamosal bones in the skull, and forms upper part of the jaw joint.
The jugal bone is located on either side of the skull in the circumorbital region. It is the origin of several masticatory muscles in the skull. [1] The jugal and lacrimal bones are the only two remaining from the ancestral circumorbital series: the prefrontal, postfrontal, postorbital, jugal, and lacrimal bones.
The jugal, or cheek-bone, is a skull bone that defines the lower border of the orbit and connects to the maxilla anteriorly and to the quadratojugal posteriorly. Its posterior end is bifurcated at its articulation with the quadratojugal, which is considered a synapomorphy of dinosaurs. [1]: 140 [25]: 12
The paratype skull of Doswellia kaltenbachi, seen from below. The quadratojugal and surangular bones (on the cranium and lower jaw, respectively) were both incorporated into the jaw joint, reinforcing the joint and preventing side-to-side or front-to back movement.
Maps and images reveal scale of LA wildfire devastation WATCH: Couple's fire-resistant LA home survives amid destruction Workers are seen on a ridge line in a scorched area of Temescal Canyon [BBC]
The skull of Proterosuchus, an early archosauriform. Note the long rear branch of the downturned premaxilla and the L-shaped quadratojugal near the jaw joint. Most archosauromorphs more "advanced" than Protorosaurus possessed an adaptation of the premaxilla (tooth-bearing bone at the tip of the snout) known as a posterodorsal or postnarial process.
A 13,600-year-old mastodon skull was uncovered in an Iowa creek, state officials announced this week. Iowa's Office of the State Archaeologist said in a social media post that archaeologists found ...