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The US dollar, the euro, and the South African rand were candidates; the US dollar had the most credibility and was the most widely traded within Zimbabwe. [68] Zimbabwe could have joined the nearby nations of Lesotho , Namibia , South Africa , and Eswatini , which constitute the Common Monetary Area , or "Rand Zone" [ 10 ] by formally deciding ...
Despite the notes being notionally pegged to the US dollar, their value, like the former Zimbabwean dollar, is collapsing, with everyday transactions using a rate of $3 bond notes to 1 United States dollar in January 2019 and over $90 bond notes to US$1 as of November 2020. [11] As of August 2022, the conversion rate is $361.9 bond notes to US$1.
However in February 2019 the government introduced the Zimdollar (ZWL) on par with the US dollar, but it was quickly devalued to $2.50 Zimdollars per US-dollar. [17] Briefly, from June 2019 to March 2020, the government required all transactions to be done in Zimdollars; but that quickly proved impractical. [ 18 ]
The Zimbabwean dollar was introduced in 1980 to directly replace the Rhodesian dollar (which had been introduced in 1970) at par (1:1), at a similar value to the US dollar. In the 20th century the dollar functioned as a normal currency, but in the early 21st century hyperinflation in Zimbabwe reduced the Zimbabwean dollar to one of the lowest ...
[1] [2] Although the South African rand is legal tender across the CMA, the other member states issue their own currencies exchanged at par with it: the Lesotho loti, Namibian dollar and Swazi lilangeni. Foreign exchange regulations and monetary policy throughout the CMA continue to reflect the influence of the South African Reserve Bank.
These included shells, [1] ingots, gold (gold dust and gold coins (the Asante)), arrowheads, iron, salt, cattle, goats, blankets, axes, beads, and many others. In the early 19th century a slave could be bought in West Africa with manilla currency ; multiples of X-shaped rings of bronze or other metal that could be strung on a staff.
[1] [2] A more general definition is that a currency is a system of money in common use within a specific environment over time, especially for people in a nation state. [3] Under this definition, the British Pound sterling (£), euros (€), Japanese yen (¥), and U.S. dollars (US$) are examples of (government-issued) fiat currencies .
[12] In 2014, South Africa experienced its worst year against the US dollar since 2009, [13] and in March 2015, the rand traded at its worst since 2002. [13] At the time, Trading Economics released data that the rand "averaged R4.97 to the dollar between 1972–2015, reaching an all time high of R12.45 in December 2001 and a record low of R0.67 ...