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  2. Muscles of respiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscles_of_respiration

    The muscles of respiration are the muscles that contribute to inhalation and exhalation, by aiding in the expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity. The diaphragm and, to a lesser extent, the intercostal muscles drive respiration during quiet breathing. The elasticity of these muscles is crucial to the health of the respiratory system ...

  3. Eupnea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eupnea

    Eupnea is an efficient and effective form of breathing, which balances between maximizing air intake, and minimizing muscular effort. During eupnea, neural output to respiratory muscles is highly regular and stable, with rhythmic bursts of activity during inspiration only to the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles.

  4. Respiratory center - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_center

    Quiet breathing only requires the activity of the dorsal group which activates the diaphragm, and the external intercostal muscles. Exhalation is passive and relies on the elastic recoil of the lungs. When the metabolic need for oxygen increases, inspiration becomes more forceful and the neurons in the ventral group are activated to bring about ...

  5. Intercostal muscles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercostal_muscles

    Internal intercostal muscles also known as intercostalis internus aid in forced expiration (quiet expiration is a passive process). They originate on ribs 2–12 and have their insertions on ribs 1–11.Their fibers pass anterior and superior from the upper margin of the rib and costal cartilage to the lower margin of the rib above. [ 2 ]

  6. Tidal volume - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_volume

    Tidal volume: that volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during quiet breathing (VT indicates a subdivision of the lung; when tidal volume is precisely measured, as in gas exchange calculation, the symbol TV or V T is used.) FRC: Functional residual capacity: the volume in the lungs at the end-expiratory position: RV/TLC%

  7. Spirometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirometry

    Tidal volume: that volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during quiet breathing (VT indicates a subdivision of the lung; when tidal volume is precisely measured, as in gas exchange calculation, the symbol TV or V T is used.) FRC: Functional residual capacity: the volume in the lungs at the end-expiratory position: RV/TLC%

  8. Pre-Bötzinger complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Bötzinger_complex

    That role profoundly influences phase transition from inspiration to post-inspiration, then expiration, and that speeds up breathing cycles. [ 55 ] [ 40 ] Without preBötC inhibitory microcircuits, the breathing rhythm is slower overall and 'stiff' in the sense that its oscillation stabilizes even when faced with normally effective respiratory ...

  9. Breathing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breathing

    Real-time magnetic resonance imaging of the human thorax during breathing X-ray video of a female American alligator while breathing. Breathing (spiration [1] or ventilation) is the rhythmical process of moving air into and out of the lungs to facilitate gas exchange with the internal environment, mostly to flush out carbon dioxide and bring in oxygen.