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In 2013 researchers discovered that asymmetrical fullerenes formed from larger structures settle into stable fullerenes. The synthesized substance was a particular metallofullerene consisting of 84 carbon atoms with two additional carbon atoms and two yttrium atoms inside the cage.
It is a cage-like fused-ring structure which resembles a rugby ball, made of 25 hexagons and 12 pentagons, with a carbon atom at the vertices of each polygon and a bond along each polygon edge. A related fullerene molecule, named buckminsterfullerene (or C 60 fullerene) consists of 60 carbon atoms.
Fullerene or C 60 is soccer-ball-shaped or I h with 12 pentagons and 20 hexagons. According to Euler's theorem these 12 pentagons are required for closure of the carbon network consisting of n hexagons and C 60 is the first stable fullerene because it is the smallest possible to obey this rule.
They are named for the resemblance to the geodesic structures devised by Richard Buckminster "Bucky" Fuller. Fullerenes are positively curved molecules of varying sizes composed entirely of carbon, which take the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tube (the C60 version has the same form as a traditional stitched soccer ball).
Alternatively, endohedral hydrogen fullerenes can be produced by opening and closing a fullerene by organic chemistry methods. A recent example of endohedral fullerenes includes single molecules of water encapsulated in C 60. [10] Noble gas endofullerenes are predicted to exhibit unusual polarizability.
Fullerenes are sparingly soluble in aromatic solvents and carbon disulfide, but insoluble in water. Solutions of pure C 60 have a deep purple color which leaves a brown residue upon evaporation. The reason for this color change is the relatively narrow energy width of the band of molecular levels responsible for green light absorption by ...
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Fullerenes are a class of carbon allotropes that were first discovered in 1985 and are also an example of macromolecular cages. Buckminsterfullerene (C 60) and the 60 atoms of this molecule are arranged in a cage-like structure and the framework resembles a soccer ball; the molecule has an icosahedral symmetry.