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  2. Duck typing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck_typing

    Structural typing is a static typing system that determines type compatibility and equivalence by a type's structure, whereas duck typing is dynamic and determines type compatibility by only that part of a type's structure that is accessed during runtime. The TypeScript, [6] Elm [7] and Python [8] languages support structural typing to varying ...

  3. static (keyword) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_(keyword)

    static is a reserved word in many programming languages to modify a declaration. The effect of the keyword varies depending on the details of the specific programming language, most commonly used to modify the lifetime (as a static variable) and visibility (depending on linkage), or to specify a class member instead of an instance member in classes.

  4. Type safety - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_safety

    In computer science, type safety and type soundness are the extent to which a programming language discourages or prevents type errors.Type safety is sometimes alternatively considered to be a property of facilities of a computer language; that is, some facilities are type-safe and their usage will not result in type errors, while other facilities in the same language may be type-unsafe and a ...

  5. Declaration (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_(computer...

    In computer programming, a declaration is a language construct specifying identifier properties: it declares a word's (identifier's) meaning. [1] Declarations are most commonly used for functions, variables, constants, and classes, but can also be used for other entities such as enumerations and type definitions. [1]

  6. Comparison of programming languages (basic instructions)

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    ^j Ada range types are checked for boundary violations at run-time (as well as at compile-time for static expressions). Run-time boundary violations raise a "constraint error" exception. Ranges are not restricted to powers of two. Commonly predefined Integer subtypes are: Positive (range 1 .. Integer'Last) and Natural (range 0 .. Integer'Last).

  7. Comparison of programming languages by type system

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    This is a comparison of the features of the type systems and type checking of multiple programming languages.. Brief definitions A nominal type system means that the language decides whether types are compatible and/or equivalent based on explicit declarations and names.

  8. Name binding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_binding

    Dynamic binding (or late binding or virtual binding) is name binding performed as the program is running. [2] An example of a static binding is a direct C function call: the function referenced by the identifier cannot change at runtime. An example of dynamic binding is dynamic dispatch, as in a C++ virtual method call.

  9. Static variable - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_variable

    In computer programming, a static variable is a variable that has been allocated "statically", meaning that its lifetime (or "extent") is the entire run of the program. This is in contrast to shorter-lived automatic variables, whose storage is stack allocated and deallocated on the call stack; and in contrast to dynamically allocated objects, whose storage is allocated and deallocated in heap ...