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The philosophy of rationalism, specifically classical rationalism, gained prominence during the Enlightenment, and was presented by the works and studies of René Descartes, Gottfried Leibniz, Baruch Spinoza and Immanuel Kant. Regardless, even during the Age of Enlightenment, these thinkers' notions were being already challenged.
In analytic philosophy, anti-realism is the position that the truth of a statement rests on its demonstrability through internal logic mechanisms, such as the context principle or intuitionistic logic, in direct opposition to the realist notion that the truth of a statement rests on its correspondence to an external, independent reality. [1]
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Rationalism has a philosophical history dating from antiquity.The analytical nature of much of philosophical enquiry, the awareness of apparently a priori domains of knowledge such as mathematics, combined with the emphasis of obtaining knowledge through the use of rational faculties (commonly rejecting, for example, direct revelation) have made rationalist themes very prevalent in the history ...
It was not anti-rational, but rather balanced rationality against the competing claims of intuition and the sense of justice. This view is expressed in Goya's Sleep of Reason , in which the nightmarish owl offers the dozing social critic of Los Caprichos a piece of drawing chalk.
The philosopher Philippe Nemo observes the simultaneous presence of rationalism and anti-rationalism in the thought of Maurras, as in those of Nietzsche or Bergson. [4] Maurras recognizes the role of intuition, of feeling, of arbitrariness which excludes discussion and decides for sure, and in this he opposes the tradition of the Enlightenment.
(The Center Square) – Whether Illinois should be enjoined from enforcing the state’s gun and magazine ban starting Monday is now up to a federal appeals court. Illinois enacted the Protect ...
Cartesianism is a form of rationalism because it holds that scientific knowledge can be derived a priori from 'innate ideas' through deductive reasoning. Thus Cartesianism is opposed to both Aristotelianism and empiricism , with their emphasis on sensory experience as the source of all knowledge of the world.