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The Bayon was the last state temple to be built at Angkor, and the only Angkorian state temple to be built primarily to worship Buddhist deities, though a great number of minor and local deities were also encompassed as representatives of the various districts and cities of the realm.
The temple-mountain of the Bayon, or perhaps the gate itself, [8]: 82 would then be the pivot around which the churning takes place. The nagas may also represent the transition from the world of men to the world of the gods (the Bayon), or be guardian figures. [ 9 ]
Also called "golden mountain" (svarnādrī), the Baphuon is built on an artificial hill. The temple was originally dedicated to Shiva and late converted to a Theravada Buddhist temple. [1] The dating of the temple has been fractious; recent work has shown that it was not built during the reign of Udayādityavarman II, as is popularly reported.
Jayavarman also made Buddhism the state religion of his kingdom when he constructed the Buddhist temple known as the Bayon at the heart of his new capital city of Angkor Thom. In the famous face towers of the Bayon, the king represented himself as the bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara moved by compassion for his subjects. [68]
Bayon Style (1181–1243): in the final quarter of the 12th century, King Jayavarman VII freed the country of Angkor from occupation by an invasionary force from Champa. Thereafter, he began a massive program of monumental construction, paradigmatic for which was the state temple called the Bayon.
These four sandstone temples, in the style of Bayon, were Buddhist and dedicated to the Bodhisatta Lokesvara, as was the Bayon and the city. Cross-shaped in plan and facing to the east side. The sanctuary surrounded by a tower and originally steles with a poem praising the king were housed in small adjacent structures.
Finally, he constructed his own "temple-mountain" at Bayon and developed the city of Angkor Thom around it. [6]: 121 He also built Neak Pean ("Coiled Serpent"), one of the smallest but most beautiful temples in the Angkor complex, a fountain with four surrounding ponds set on an island in that artificial lake. [6]: 124–125
Yukio Mishima's final play before his death in 1970 was The Terrace of the Leper King []. [2] The play revolves around King Jayavarman VII returning triumphant from his battle against the Chams and commissions the temple of Bayon.