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Toluene is also found in cigarette smoke and car exhaust. If not in contact with air, toluene can remain unchanged in soil or water for a long time. [39] Toluene is a common solvent, e.g. for paints, paint thinners, silicone sealants, [40] many chemical reactants, rubber, printing ink, adhesives (glues), lacquers, leather tanners, and ...
Dermal exposure to VOCs like formaldehyde and toluene downregulate antimicrobial peptides on the skin like cathelicidin LL-37, human β-defensin 2 and 3. [66] Xylene and formaldehyde worsen allergic inflammation in animal models. [67] Toluene also increases the dysregulation of filaggrin: a key protein in dermal regulation.
As the main fragrance of citrus peels, D-limonene is used in food manufacturing and some medicines, such as a flavoring agent to mask the bitter taste of alkaloids, and as a fragrance in perfumery, aftershave lotions, bath products, and other personal care products. [1] (+)-Limonene is also used as a botanical insecticide.
The first four seem to be involved in the hydroxylation of toluene to benzyl alcohol. CYP2E1 seems to be the primary enzyme in the hydroxylation of toluene, accounting for roughly 44% of toluene metabolism; [1] however, there is a great deal of ethnic variability, in the Finnish population for example the primary enzyme is CYP2B6.
The odor detection threshold is the lowest concentration of a certain odor compound that is perceivable by the human sense of smell. The threshold of a chemical compound is determined in part by its shape, polarity, partial charges, and molecular mass. The olfactory mechanisms responsible for a compound's different detection threshold is not ...
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It has been concluded that volatile organic compounds (VOC) such as benzene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, toluene, and xylenes have to be considered priority pollutants with respect to their health effects. It has been pointed that in renovated or completely new buildings, the VOCs concentration levels are often several orders of magnitude higher.
NEW ORLEANS ‒ On the booziest street in America, news that the Surgeon General thinks alcohol should come with warning labels is being met with a resounding "meh."