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  2. Annelid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annelid

    Annelids are members of the protostomes, one of the two major superphyla of bilaterian animals – the other is the deuterostomes, which includes vertebrates. [68] Within the protostomes, annelids used to be grouped with arthropods under the super-group Articulata ("jointed animals"), as segmentation is obvious in most members of both phyla ...

  3. Articulata (superphylum) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulata_(superphylum)

    Annelids show spiral cleavage, meaning that each embryonic cleavage occurs at progressive 90-degree angles with respect to the animal–vegetal axis. Arthropods, on the other hand, display a heterogeneous mix of embryonic cleavage patterns including spiral-like cleavage and radial cleavage patterns. This led researchers to two theories: The ...

  4. Protostome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protostome

    [1] [2] Well-known examples of protostomes are arthropods, molluscs, annelids, flatworms and nematodes. They are also called schizocoelomates since schizocoely typically occurs in them. Together with the Deuterostomia and Xenacoelomorpha, these form the clade Bilateria, animals with bilateral symmetry, anteroposterior axis and three germ layers ...

  5. Segmentation (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segmentation_(biology)

    Segmentation in animals typically falls into three types, characteristic of different arthropods, vertebrates, and annelids. Arthropods such as the fruit fly form segments from a field of equivalent cells based on transcription factor gradients. Vertebrates like the zebrafish use oscillating gene expression to define segments known as somites

  6. Arthropod - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropod

    Arthropod eyes Head of a wasp with three ocelli (center), and compound eyes at the left and right. Most arthropods have sophisticated visual systems that include one or more usually both of compound eyes and pigment-cup ocelli ("little eyes"). In most cases, ocelli are only capable of detecting the direction from which light is coming, using ...

  7. Animal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal

    Most living animal species belong to the infrakingdom Bilateria, a highly proliferative clade whose members have a bilaterally symmetric and significantly cephalised body plan, and the vast majority of bilaterians belong to two large superphyla: the protostomes, which includes organisms such as arthropods, molluscs, flatworms, annelids and ...

  8. Ecdysozoa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecdysozoa

    Ecdysozoa (/ ˌ ɛ k d ɪ s oʊ ˈ z oʊ ə /) is a group of protostome animals, [8] including Arthropoda (insects, chelicerata (including arachnids), crustaceans, and myriapods), Nematoda, and several smaller phyla.

  9. Chaeta - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaeta

    A chaeta or cheta (from Ancient Greek χαίτη (khaítē) 'crest, mane, flowing hair'; pl. chaetae) is a chitinous bristle or seta found on annelid worms, although the term is also frequently used to describe similar structures in other invertebrates such as arthropods. Polychaete annelids (polychaeta literally meaning "many bristles") are ...