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Kannada lost clusivity. Old Tamil retained the PD like tense system of past vs non past but none currently do, all have past, present, future. Common plural marker is -kaḷ(u) in Tamil-Kannada while Tulu uses -ḷŭ, -kuḷŭ, certain Malayalamoid languages use other methods like -ya in Ravula and having kuṟe before the word in Eranadan.
Most words of Dravidian origin in Kannada that end in ಅ (a) in Kannada and Tamil/Malayalam words ending in உ/ന് (the half u), including proper nouns, end in the half ಉ in Sankethi. Words of Sanskrit origin (though there are exceptions) tend to end in ಒ (oṃ); a way to tell if this is the case is to see if the Telugu, Tamil, or ...
In 1816, Francis Whyte Ellis argued that Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Tulu and Kodava descended from a common, non-Indo-European ancestor. [20] [21] He supported his argument with a detailed comparison of non-Sanskrit vocabulary in Telugu, Kannada and Tamil, and also demonstrated that they shared grammatical structures.
Here the honorific appa to a person's name is an influence from Kannada. Another word of Kannada origin is taayviru and is found in a 4th-century AD Tamil inscription. S. Settar studied the sittanavAsal inscription of first century AD as also the inscriptions at tirupparamkunram, adakala and neDanUpatti
Dravidian languages include Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, Telugu, and a number of other languages spoken mainly in South Asia. The list is by no means exhaustive. Some of the words can be traced to specific languages, but others have disputed or uncertain origins. Words of disputed or less certain origin are in the "Dravidian languages" list.
The vocabulary of PSD indicates that the society was much more developed than at the Proto-Dravidian stage, although not all reconstructed words are from a single chronological stage. There are several new words for headman, rulers (including an Indo-Aryan loan word), taxes, armies, territorial divisions, tolls and customs, debt collection and ...
The Betta Kurumba language (Beṭṭa Kurumba) is a Dravidian language closely related to Kannada and Tamil, [1] [2] and is spoken by 32,000 people in the Nilgiri mountains and in adjoining areas in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala. Beṭṭa (ಬೆಟ್ಟ) means “hills” in Kannada and kurumba (ಕುರುಬ) means “shepherd”.
In the middle or at the end of a word, ha indicates a high tone on the preceding vowel. Examples: ਚਾਹ [ʧaːh] is actually pronounced [ʧáː] Subscript ha also indicates a high tone on the preceding vowel. Examples: ਪੜ੍ਹ [pəɽʱ] is actually pronounced [pə́ɽ] The following conventions apply apart from at the beginning of a word: