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Light micrograph of a moss's leaf cells at 400X magnification. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cell biology: . Cell biology – A branch of biology that includes study of cells regarding their physiological properties, structure, and function; the organelles they contain; interactions with their environment; and their life cycle, division, and death.
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life. Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane; many cells contain organelles, each with a specific function. The term comes from the Latin word cellula meaning 'small room'. Most cells are only visible under a microscope.
In a large sample of adults of all ages and both sexes, the figure for water fraction by weight was found to be 48 ±6% for females and 58 ±8% water for males. [8] Water is ~11% hydrogen by mass but ~67% hydrogen by atomic percent , and these numbers along with the complementary % numbers for oxygen in water, are the largest contributors to ...
The cytotrophoblast contains cuboidal epithelial cells and is the source of dividing cells, and the syncytiotrophoblast is a syncytial layer without cell boundaries. The syncytiotrophoblast implants the blastocyst in the decidual epithelium by projections of chorionic villi , forming the embryonic part of the placenta.
2.0-8.4 × 10 −10: Insulin-like growth factor: 9.9-50 × 10 −8: Iodine: total 2.4-3.2 × 10 −8: 4.5-14.5 × 10 −8: Iron: adult 4-6 × 10 −4: 6-18 × 10 −7: Isoleucine: 9-15 × 10 −6: 1.2-4.2 × 10 −5: Ketone bodies: 2.3-10 × 10 −6: 1.5-30 × 10 −6: alpha-Ketonic acids: adult 1-30 × 10 −6: L-Lactate: arterial <11.3 × 10 ...
The Human Cell Atlas project, which started in 2016, had as one of its goals to "catalog all cell types (for example, immune cells or brain cells) and sub-types in the human body". [13] By 2018, the Human Cell Atlas description based the project on the assumption that "our characterization of the hundreds of types and subtypes of cells in the ...
Berberine, a plant compound traditionally used in herbal medicine, is today commonly stocked on the shelves of health food stores and pharmacies as a supplement.. Berberine supplements gained ...
Depending on the species, a blastula or blastocyst stage embryo can appear as a ball of cells on top of yolk, or as a hollow sphere of cells surrounding a middle cavity. [8] The embryo's cells continue to divide and increase in number, while molecules within the cells such as RNAs and proteins actively promote key developmental processes such ...