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Anubis is often depicted wearing a ribbon and holding a nḫ3ḫ3 "flail" in the crook of his arm. [45] Another of Anubis's attributes was the jmy-wt or imiut fetish, named for his role in embalming. [47] In funerary contexts, Anubis is shown either attending to a deceased person's mummy or sitting atop a tomb protecting it.
Priests of Anubis, the guide of the dead and the god of tombs and embalming, perform the opening of the mouth ritual.Extract from the Papyrus of Hunefer, a 19th-Dynasty Book of the Dead (c.1300 BCE) Peseshkef blade dedicated by King Senwosret to Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II MET DP311785
This fetish was tied by the tail to a pole, terminating in a lotus bud and inserted into a stand. The item was present in ancient Egyptian funerary rites from at least the earliest dynasties. Although its origin and purpose is unknown, the imiut fetish dates as far back as the First Dynasty (3100–2890 BC).
After embalming, the mourners may have carried out a ritual involving an enactment of judgment during the Hour Vigil, with volunteers to play the role of Osiris and his enemy brother Set, as well as the deities Isis, Nephthys, Horus, Anubis, and Thoth. [22]
Like many ancient Egyptian deities, Anubis assumed different roles in various contexts. Depicted as a protector of graves as early as the First Dynasty (c. 3100 – c. 2890 BC), Anubis was also an embalmer. By the Middle Kingdom (c. 2055–1650 BC) he was replaced by Osiris in his role as lord of the underworld.
This detail scene from the Papyrus of Hunefer (c. 1375 BC) shows Hunefer's heart being weighed on the scale of Maat against the feather of truth, by the jackal-headed Anubis. The ibis-headed Thoth, scribe of the gods, records the result. If his heart is lighter than the feather, Hunefer is allowed to pass into the afterlife. If not, he is eaten ...
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Anubis – The god of funerals, embalming and protector of the dead [8] Aten – Sun disk deity who became the focus of the monolatrous or monotheistic Atenist belief system in the reign of Akhenaten, was also the literal Sun disk [9] Atum – A creator god and solar deity, first god of the Ennead [10]