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  2. Human genome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genome

    The human genome has many different regulatory sequences which are crucial to controlling gene expression. Conservative estimates indicate that these sequences make up 8% of the genome, [29] however extrapolations from the ENCODE project give that 20 [30] or more [31] of the genome is gene regulatory sequence.

  3. Regulatory sequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_sequence

    There are approximately 1,400 different transcription factors encoded in the human genome and they constitute about 6% of all human protein coding genes. [19] About 94% of transcription factor binding sites that are associated with signal-responsive genes occur in enhancers while only about 6% of such sites occur in promoters.

  4. CTCF - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTCF

    The human genome contains anywhere between 15,000 and 40,000 CTCF binding sites depending on cell type, suggesting a widespread role for CTCF in gene regulation. [14] [22] [31] In addition CTCF binding sites act as nucleosome positioning anchors so that, when used to align various genomic signals, multiple flanking nucleosomes can be readily ...

  5. Coding region - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coding_region

    The coding region of a gene, also known as the coding DNA sequence (CDS), is the portion of a gene's DNA or RNA that codes for a protein. [1] Studying the length, composition, regulation, splicing, structures, and functions of coding regions compared to non-coding regions over different species and time periods can provide a significant amount of important information regarding gene ...

  6. Cis-regulatory element - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cis-regulatory_element

    Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) or cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) are regions of non-coding DNA which regulate the transcription of neighboring genes.CREs are vital components of genetic regulatory networks, which in turn control morphogenesis, the development of anatomy, and other aspects of embryonic development, studied in evolutionary developmental biology.

  7. Regulation of gene expression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulation_of_gene_expression

    Regulation of gene expression, or gene regulation, [1] includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA). Sophisticated programs of gene expression are widely observed in biology, for example to trigger developmental pathways, respond to environmental ...

  8. Non-coding DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-coding_DNA

    [2] [3] The exact number is not known because there are disputes over the number of functional coding exons and over the total size of the human genome. This means that 98–99% of the human genome consists of non-coding DNA and this includes many functional elements such as non-coding genes and regulatory sequences. Genome size in eukaryotes ...

  9. Transcriptional regulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriptional_regulation

    Whereas one could think that there is a 1:1 enhancer-promoter ratio, studies of the human genome predict that an active promoter interacts with 4 to 5 enhancers. Similarly, enhancers can regulate more than one gene without linkage restriction and are said to “skip” neighboring genes to regulate more distant ones.