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In the brain and spinal cord, depending on the area and severity of damage there can be neurological deficits ranging from becoming comatose, having sensorimotor weakness, incontinence, and other effects. The lungs can develop pulmonary fibrosis.
[citation needed] The shortness of breath emphysema causes can increase over time and develop into chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A sign of emphysema in smokers is a higher number of alveolar macrophages sampled from the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in the lungs. The number can be four to six times greater in those who smoke than in non ...
Syringobulbia is a medical condition in which syrinxes, or fluid-filled cavities, affect the brainstem (usually the lower brainstem). The exact cause is often unknown, but may be linked to a widening of the central canal of the spinal cord. This may affect one or more cranial nerves, resulting in various kinds of facial palsies. Sensory and ...
Subcutaneous emphysema is not typically dangerous in and of itself, however it can be a symptom of very dangerous underlying conditions, such as pneumothorax. [7] Although the underlying conditions require treatment, subcutaneous emphysema usually does not; small amounts of air are reabsorbed by the body.
The breathing rhythm emerges spontaneously with robust and continuous motor activity measurable on any cranial or spinal motor nerve that innervates breathing related musculature. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] By isolating a rhythmically active newborn rat brainstem-spinal cord in a microsectioning vibratome, Smith and colleagues performed a series of 75 μm ...
Lower brain oxygen levels caused by sleep apnea were linked to changes to the white matter, which could lead to cognitive problem, a new study suggests. Sleep apnea impacts brain in ways that may ...
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