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Supercooled water, still in liquid state Start of solidification as a result of leaving the state of rest. Supercooling, [1] also known as undercooling, [2] [3] is the process of lowering the temperature of a liquid below its freezing point without it becoming a solid.
A common practice is to cool the solutions by flash evaporation: when a liquid at a given T 0 temperature is transferred in a chamber at a pressure P 1 such that the liquid saturation temperature T 1 at P 1 is lower than T 0, the liquid will release heat according to the temperature difference and a quantity of solvent, whose total latent heat ...
According to the Goldich dissolution series, anorthite, a plagioclase feldspar, should weather quickly, with a lifetime of 10 5.62 years quantified by Kowalski and Rimstidt. [1] [5] Conversely, the lifetime of K-feldspar should be much longer, at 10 8.53 years based again on Kowalski and Rimstidt’s work. However, White and Brantley’s ...
Crystallization of polymers is a process associated with partial alignment of their molecular chains. These chains fold together and form ordered regions called lamellae, which compose larger spheroidal structures named spherulites.
Phase transitions (phase changes) that help describe polymorphism include polymorphic transitions as well as melting and vaporization transitions. According to IUPAC, a polymorphic transition is "A reversible transition of a solid crystalline phase at a certain temperature and pressure (the inversion point) to another phase of the same chemical composition with a different crystal structure."
It can be shown that the impurity profile of the mother liquors, at moderate recycle levels (i.e. when x>1), quickly reaches a steady state according to (1 − x n +1)/(1 − x), where n is the number of times the process is operated and x is the fraction of mother liquors recycled (Fig. 1). [3]
A supercritical fluid (SCF) is a substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point, where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist, but below the pressure required to compress it into a solid. [1]
Superlubricity is more analogous to phenomena such as superelasticity, in which substances such as Nitinol have very low, but nonzero, elastic moduli; supercooling, in which substances remain liquid until a lower-than-normal temperature; super black, which reflects very little light; giant magnetoresistance, in which very large but finite ...