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Surface roughness, often shortened to roughness, is a component of surface finish (surface texture). It is quantified by the deviations in the direction of the normal vector of a real surface from its ideal form. If these deviations are large, the surface is rough; if they are small, the surface is smooth.
Roughness progression for a road in Texas, US. Blue dots show the times of maintenance. The international roughness index (IRI) is the roughness index most commonly obtained from measured longitudinal road profiles. It is calculated using a quarter-car vehicle math model, whose response is accumulated to yield a roughness index with units of ...
Rough map of the Portage Escarpment (black line) in New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. The Portage Escarpment is a major landform in the U.S. states of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York which marks the boundary between the Till Plains to the north and west and the Appalachian Plateau to the east and south.
Surface metrology is the measurement of small-scale features on surfaces, and is a branch of metrology.Surface primary form, surface fractality, and surface finish (including surface roughness) are the parameters most commonly associated with the field.
In engineering, the Moody chart or Moody diagram (also Stanton diagram) is a graph in non-dimensional form that relates the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor f D, Reynolds number Re, and surface roughness for fully developed flow in a circular pipe.
A topographic map of Stowe, Vermont with contour lines This false-color satellite image illustrates topography of the urban core of the New York metropolitan area, with Manhattan at its center. Topography is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces .
Hydraulic roughness, the roughness of land and waterway features; Roughness (psychophysics) in psychoacoustics refers to the level of dissonance; The 'roughness' of a line or surface, measured numerically by the Hausdorff dimension; Roughness/resel, the resel/roughness of an image/volume; Unnecessary roughness, a type of foul in gridiron football
A consortium of several companies started to work in 2008 on a free implementation of 3D surface texture parameters. The consortium, called OpenGPS [1] later focused its efforts on an XML file format (X3P) that was published under the ISO standard ISO 25178-72.