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De Morgan's laws represented with Venn diagrams.In each case, the resultant set is the set of all points in any shade of blue. In propositional logic and Boolean algebra, De Morgan's laws, [1] [2] [3] also known as De Morgan's theorem, [4] are a pair of transformation rules that are both valid rules of inference.
De Morgan algebras are important for the study of the mathematical aspects of fuzzy logic. The standard fuzzy algebra F = ([0, 1], max( x , y ), min( x , y ), 0, 1, 1 − x ) is an example of a De Morgan algebra where the laws of excluded middle and noncontradiction do not hold.
Augustus De Morgan (27 June 1806 – 18 March 1871) was a British mathematician and logician.He is best known for De Morgan's laws, relating logical conjunction, disjunction, and negation, and for coining the term "mathematical induction", the underlying principles of which he formalized. [1]
De Morgan's laws: In propositional logic and Boolean algebra, De Morgan's laws, [15] [16] [17] also known as De Morgan's theorem, [18] are a pair of transformation rules that are both valid rules of inference. They are named after Augustus De Morgan, a 19th-century British mathematician.
By De Morgan's laws, a two-input NAND gate's logic may be expressed as ¯ ¯ = ¯, making a NAND gate equivalent to inverters followed by an OR gate. The NAND gate is significant because any Boolean function can be implemented by using a combination of NAND gates.
In logic, a rule of replacement [1] [2] [3] is a transformation rule that may be applied to only a particular segment of an expression. A logical system may be constructed so that it uses either axioms, rules of inference, or both as transformation rules for logical expressions in the system. Whereas a rule of inference is always applied to a ...
The second De Morgan's law, ... Digital logic is the application of the Boolean algebra of 0 and 1 to electronic hardware consisting of logic gates connected to form ...
Logic gates can be made from quantum mechanical effects, see quantum logic gate. Photonic logic gates use nonlinear optical effects. In principle any method that leads to a gate that is functionally complete (for example, either a NOR or a NAND gate) can be used to make any kind of digital logic circuit. Note that the use of 3-state logic for ...