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  2. Soil liquefaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_liquefaction

    Soil liquefaction occurs when a cohesionless saturated or partially saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness in response to an applied stress such as shaking during an earthquake or other sudden change in stress condition, in which material that is ordinarily a solid behaves like a liquid.

  3. Dilatancy (granular material) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilatancy_(granular_material)

    This phenomenon of soil behaviour can be included in the Hardening Soil model by means of a dilatancy cut-off. In order to specify this behaviour, the initial void ratio, e i n i t {\displaystyle e_{init}} , and the maximum void ratio, e m a x {\displaystyle e_{max}} , of the material must be entered as general parameters.

  4. Standard penetration test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_penetration_test

    Use of SPT data for direct prediction of liquefaction potential suffers from roughness of correlations and from the need to "normalize" SPT data to account for overburden pressure, sampling technique, and other factors. [4] Additionally, the method cannot collect accurate data for weak soil layers for several reasons:

  5. Liquefaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefaction

    In materials science, liquefaction [1] is a process that generates a liquid from a solid or a gas [2] or that generates a non-liquid phase which behaves in accordance with fluid dynamics. [3] It occurs both naturally and artificially .

  6. Atterberg limits - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atterberg_limits

    Soil is placed into the metal cup (Casagrande cup) portion of the device and a groove is made down at its center with a standardized tool of 2 millimetres (0.079 in) width. The cup is repeatedly dropped 10 mm onto a hard rubber base at a rate of 120 blows per minute, during which the groove closes up gradually as a result of the impact.

  7. Critical state soil mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_state_soil_mechanics

    Normally consolidated soil goes to critical state along the stress path on Roscoe surface. Critical state soil mechanics is the area of soil mechanics that encompasses the conceptual models representing the mechanical behavior of saturated remoulded soils based on the critical state concept.

  8. Dynamic compaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_compaction

    In cohesionless soils, these waves create liquefaction that is followed by the compaction of the soil; in cohesive soils, they create an increased amount of pore water pressure that is followed by the compaction of the soil. Pore water pressure is the pressure of water that is trapped in the spaces between the solid particles of rocks and soils.

  9. Earthquake engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake_engineering

    Soil liquefaction. In the cases where the soil consists of loose granular deposited materials with the tendency to develop excessive hydrostatic pore water pressure of sufficient magnitude and compact, liquefaction of those loose saturated deposits may result in non-uniform settlements and tilting of structures.