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The causes of the Great Depression in the early 20th century in the United States have been extensively discussed by economists and remain a matter of active debate. [1] They are part of the larger debate about economic crises and recessions. The specific economic events that took place during the Great Depression are well established.
The outbreak of World War II in 1939 ended the Depression, as it stimulated factory production, providing jobs for women as militaries absorbed large numbers of young, unemployed men. The precise causes for the Great Depression are disputed. One set of historians, for example, focuses on non-monetary economic causes.
Golden Fetters: The gold standard and the Great Depression, 1919–1939. 1992. Feinstein. Charles H. The European Economy between the Wars (1997) Garraty, John A. The Great Depression: An Inquiry into the causes, course, and Consequences of the Worldwide Depression of the Nineteen-Thirties, as Seen by Contemporaries and in Light of History (1986)
The Dow Jones Industrial Average, 1928–1930. The "Roaring Twenties", the decade following World War I that led to the crash, [4] was a time of wealth and excess.Building on post-war optimism, rural Americans migrated to the cities in vast numbers throughout the decade with hopes of finding a more prosperous life in the ever-growing expansion of America's industrial sector.
Before the COVID-19 recession began in March 2020, no post-World War II era had come anywhere near the depth of the Great Depression, which lasted from 1929 until 1941 (which included a bull market between 1933 and 1937) and was caused by the 1929 crash of the stock market and other factors.
US annual real GDP from 1910 to 1960, with the years of the Great Depression (1929–1939) highlighted Unemployment rate in the US 1910–60, with the years of the Great Depression (1929–39) highlighted; accurate data begins in 1939, represented by a blue line. The Depression caused major political changes in America.
Imports during 1929 were only 4.2% of the US GNP, and exports were only 5.0%. Monetarists, such as Milton Friedman, who emphasized the central role of the money supply in causing the depression, considered the Smoot–Hawley Act to be only a minor cause for the Great Depression in the United States. [32]
Post-Napoleonic Depression (post-1815) (England) Panic of 1819, a U.S. recession with bank failures; culmination of U.S.'s first boom-to-bust economic cycle; Panic of 1825, a pervasive British recession in which many banks failed, nearly including the Bank of England; Panic of 1837, a U.S. recession with bank failures, followed by a 5-year ...