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Illustration of tangential and normal components of a vector to a surface. In mathematics, given a vector at a point on a curve, that vector can be decomposed uniquely as a sum of two vectors, one tangent to the curve, called the tangential component of the vector, and another one perpendicular to the curve, called the normal component of the vector.
The vector component or vector resolute of a perpendicular to b, sometimes also called the vector rejection of a from b (denoted or a ⊥b), [1] is the orthogonal projection of a onto the plane (or, in general, hyperplane) that is orthogonal to b.
The term scalar component refers sometimes to scalar projection, as, in Cartesian coordinates, the components of a vector are the scalar projections in the directions of the coordinate axes.
A vector pointing from A to B. In mathematics, physics, and engineering, a Euclidean vector or simply a vector (sometimes called a geometric vector [1] or spatial vector [2]) is a geometric object that has magnitude (or length) and direction.
The coefficients of this linear combination are referred to as components or coordinates of the vector with respect to B. The elements of a basis are called basis vectors . Equivalently, a set B is a basis if its elements are linearly independent and every element of V is a linear combination of elements of B . [ 1 ]
Typically, these components are the projections of the vector on a set of mutually perpendicular reference axes (basis vectors). The vector is said to be decomposed or resolved with respect to that set. Illustration of tangential and normal components of a vector to a surface. The decomposition or resolution [16] of a vector into components is ...
A vector in can also be specified as a row or column matrix containing the ordered set of components. A vector specified as a row matrix is known as a row vector; one specified as a column matrix is known as a column vector.
A vector's components change scale inversely to changes in scale to the reference axes, and consequently a vector is called a contravariant tensor. A vector, which is an example of a contravariant tensor, has components that transform inversely to the transformation of the reference axes, (with example transformations including rotation and ...