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Cover of the C99 standards document. C99 (previously C9X, formally ISO/IEC 9899:1999) is a past version of the C programming language open standard. [1] It extends the previous version with new features for the language and the standard library, and helps implementations make better use of available computer hardware, such as IEEE 754-1985 floating-point arithmetic, and compiler technology. [2]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 10 January 2025. General-purpose programming language "C programming language" redirects here. For the book, see The C Programming Language. Not to be confused with C++ or C#. C Logotype used on the cover of the first edition of The C Programming Language Paradigm Multi-paradigm: imperative (procedural ...
In C99, the length parameter must come before the variable-length array parameter in function calls. [1] In C11, a __STDC_NO_VLA__ macro is defined if VLA is not supported. [6] The C23 standard makes VLA types mandatory again. Only creation of VLA objects with automatic storage duration is optional. [7]
C99 also added complex types: float _Complex, double _Complex, long double _Complex. C11 added imaginary types (which were described in an informative annex of C99): float _Imaginary, double _Imaginary, long double _Imaginary. Including the header <complex.h> allows all these types to be accessed with using complex and imaginary respectively.
The notion of a type qualifier was introduced, along with the example of readonly (later renamed const) by Bjarne Stroustrup in a Bell Labs internal Technical Memorandum of 1981, [5] and implemented in C with Classes, the predecessor to C++. [6] As to motivation, Stroustrup writes: [6]
C99 is a past version of the C programming language standard. C99 or C-99 may also refer to: Science and technology. C99, a C compiler for the TI-99/4A home computer;
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In the above example, a prototype is used in a function declaration for ANSI compliant implementations, while an obsolescent non-prototype declaration is used otherwise. Those are still ANSI-compliant as of C99.