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In the early modern period, colleges were established by various Catholic orders, notably the Oratorians.In parallel, universities further developed in France. Louis XIV's Ordonnance royale sur les écoles paroissiales of 13 December 1698 obliged parents to send their children to the village schools until their 14th year of age, ordered the villages to organise these schools, and set the wages ...
The compulsory middle and high school subjects cover French language and literature, history and geography, foreign languages, arts and crafts, musical education, civics, mathematics, physics, chemistry, natural sciences, technology, and PE.
In France, the Commission of Public Instruction (French: Commission de l'instruction publique) was a body responsible for directing national education from 1815 to 1820.. Its five principal members were Pierre-Paul Royer-Collard (president), Georges Cuvier, Philibert Guéneau de Mussy, Antoine-Isaac Silvestre de Sacy, and Abbé Dominique Eliçaga
Jules Ferry.. The Jules Ferry Laws are a set of French laws which established free education in 1881, then mandatory and laic (secular) education in 1882. Jules Ferry, a lawyer holding the office of Minister of Public Instruction in the 1880s, is widely credited for creating the modern Republican school (l'école républicaine).
In 1559, the German Duchy Württemberg established a compulsory education system for boys. [12] In 1592, the German Duchy Palatine Zweibrücken became the first territory in the world with compulsory education for girls and boys, [13] followed in 1598 by Strasbourg, then a free city of the Holy Roman Empire and now part of France.
Education and the propagation of the national epic, the Kalevala, was crucial for the Finnish nationalist Fennoman movement. The Finnish language achieved equal legal status with Swedish in 1892. France and the UK failed until the 1880s to introduce compulsory education, France due to conflicts between a radical secular state and the Catholic ...
In 1882, Jules Ferry was once again Minister of Education. On March 28, the law on compulsory and secular education was passed. [26] Article 4 states that instruction may be given in educational establishments, public or free schools, or in the home. The teaching of religious morality is abolished, in favor of "moral and civic instruction".
The year 1881 marked many changes to primary education in France. In 1881, the asylum rooms were replaced by the first nursery schools and the staff was replaced by teachers trained specifically for teaching in elementary schools. [10] The seminal laws of 16 June 1881 and 28 March 1882, made primary education in France free, non-clerical .