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On the other hand, Saul became jealous of David, and their relationship developed into one of 'respect and hatred, recognition and desire to kill', a mixed attitude which was especially triggered when Saul heard the couplet (verse 7) giving the clear message that David would become king. [5] Saul feared David (verses 12, 15, 29) as Saul ...
Jonathan opened the conversation with Saul by providing an excuse for David's absence, then with a defense of David (verse 32) echoing David's own words in verse 1, which moved from being a position of conciliator between David and Saul to be of David's defender under threat from his father (verses 30–33). [5]
David and Jonathan by Rembrandt, c. 1642. The relationship between David and Jonathan is mainly covered in the First Book of Samuel of the Hebrew Bible.The episodes belong to David's ascent to power, commonly regarded as one of the sources of the Deuteronomistic history and its later additions.
The episode related to the Gibeonites in 21:1-14 links to the relationship between David and the house of Saul in the preceding chapter. The final section containing the plague story in 2 Samuel 24 links to the building of Solomon's temple, so appropriately placed right before 1 Kings. [7]
Verse 21 even states that 'Saul loved him' ('Saul' was explicitly mentioned in the Greek Septuagint, instead of ambiguous subject in Masoretic Text), which later turned to a love-hate relationship between the two. [14] An important statement in verse 23: Saul was entirely in David's hands, and David took that responsibility seriously. [14]
Throughout the monarchy of Saul, the capital is in Gibeah. After Saul's death, Ish-bosheth rules over the Kingdom of Israel from Mahanaim, and David establishes the capital of the Kingdom of Judah in Hebron. [65] After the civil war with Saul, David forges a powerful and unified Israelite monarchy and rules from c. 1000 to 961 BCE. [66]
[a] The relationship between David and Jonathan has also been compared more explicitly to other homoerotic relationships in Near Eastern literature, including by the Near Eastern scholar Cyrus H. Gordon, who noted the instance in the Book of Jashar, excerpted in Samuel 2 (1:26), in which David "proclaims that Jonathan's love was sweeter to him ...
Saul's attitude toward David was excused by arguing that his courtiers were all tale-bearers, and slandered David to him; [78] and in like manner he was incited by Doeg against the priests of Nob [79] —this act was forgiven him, however, and a heavenly voice was heard, proclaiming: "Saul is the chosen one of God". [80]