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Jonathan opened the conversation with Saul by providing an excuse for David's absence, then with a defense of David (verse 32) echoing David's own words in verse 1, which moved from being a position of conciliator between David and Saul to be of David's defender under threat from his father (verses 30–33). [5]
Verse 21 even states that 'Saul loved him' ('Saul' was explicitly mentioned in the Greek Septuagint, instead of ambiguous subject in Masoretic Text), which later turned to a love-hate relationship between the two. [14] An important statement in verse 23: Saul was entirely in David's hands, and David took that responsibility seriously. [14]
Saul's attitude toward David was excused by arguing that his courtiers were all tale-bearers, and slandered David to him; [78] and in like manner he was incited by Doeg against the priests of Nob [79] —this act was forgiven him, however, and a heavenly voice was heard, proclaiming: "Saul is the chosen one of God". [80]
David and Jonathan by Rembrandt, c. 1642. The relationship between David and Jonathan is mainly covered in the First Book of Samuel of the Hebrew Bible.The episodes belong to David's ascent to power, commonly regarded as one of the sources of the Deuteronomistic history and its later additions.
A rivalry between the two dynasties is hinted through certain passages of the narrative. In 1 Samuel, 20:16, there is mention of a covenant between Jonathan and the House of David. In 1 Samuel 24:20–21, Saul himself predicts the rise of David to the throne, and the establishment of the Kingdom of Israel through David's hand. Saul asks David ...
Throughout the monarchy of Saul, the capital is in Gibeah. After Saul's death, Ish-bosheth rules over the Kingdom of Israel from Mahanaim, and David establishes the capital of the Kingdom of Judah in Hebron. [65] After the civil war with Saul, David forges a powerful and unified Israelite monarchy and rules from c. 1000 to 961 BCE. [66]
The episode related to the Gibeonites in 21:1–14 links to the relationship between David and the house of Saul in the preceding chapter. The final section containing the plague story in 2 Samuel 24 links to the building of Solomon's temple, so appropriately placed right before 1 Kings. [7]
To counter Saul's objection, David spoke about his victories against lions and bears in close combat, without mentioning his sling, because a battle against Goliath was supposed to be a "single-armed infantry combat". [51] David's words convinced Saul, who declared "YHWH be with" David (the same words Saul's servants said about David in 16:18 ...