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The production of saliva is stimulated both by the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic. [19] Sympathetic stimulation of saliva is to facilitate respiration, whereas parasympathetic stimulation is to facilitate digestion. Parasympathetic stimulation leads to acetylcholine (ACh) release onto the salivary acinar cells.
The parasympathetic nervous system decreases respiration and heart rate and increases digestion. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in: Constriction of pupils; Decreased heart rate and blood pressure; Constriction of bronchial muscles; Stimulation of digestion and gastric emptying; Increased production of saliva and mucus
Parasympathetic stimulation evokes a copious flow of saliva. Parasympathetic innervation to the salivary glands is carried via cranial nerves. The parotid gland receives its parasympathetic input from the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) via the otic ganglion, [14] while the submandibular and sublingual glands receive their parasympathetic input ...
The preganglionic parasympathetic fibres originate in the inferior salivatory nucleus of the glossopharyngeal nerve. They leave the glossopharyngeal nerve by its tympanic branch and then pass via the tympanic plexus and the lesser petrosal nerve to the otic ganglion .
Parasympathetic Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers for the parotid gland arise in the brainstem in the inferior salivatory nucleus , and leave the brain in the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) , then pass in the tympanic nerve to the tympanic plexus , then from the tympanic plexus in the lesser petrosal nerve to the otic ganglion where they ...
A cholinergic crisis is an over-stimulation at a neuromuscular ... stimulation of the salivary ... as it also involves excessive parasympathetic stimulation. [5]
The paired submandibular glands (historically known as submaxillary glands) are major salivary glands located beneath the floor of the mouth.In adult humans, they each weigh about 15 grams and contribute some 60–67% of unstimulated saliva secretion; on stimulation their contribution decreases in proportion as parotid gland secretion rises to 50%. [1]
The parasympathetic nervous system regulates the "rest and digest" responses. The enteric nervous system innervates the viscera (gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and gall bladder). The somatic nervous system consists of peripheral nerve fibers that send sensory information to the central nervous system and motor nerve fibers that project to ...