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In materials science, creep (sometimes called cold flow) is the tendency of a solid material to undergo slow deformation while subject to persistent mechanical stresses. It can occur as a result of long-term exposure to high levels of stress that are still below the yield strength of the material. Creep is more severe in materials that are ...
Creep and shrinkage can cause a major loss of prestress. Underestimation of multi-decade creep has caused excessive deflections, often with cracking, in many of large-span prestressed segmentally erected box girder bridges (over 60 cases documented). Creep may cause excessive stress and cracking in cable-stayed or arch bridges, and roof shells ...
Primary Creep: the initial creep stage where the slope is rising rapidly at first in a short amount of time. After a certain amount of time has elapsed, the slope will begin to slowly decrease from its initial rise. Steady State Creep: the creep rate is constant so the line on the curve shows a straight line that is a steady rate.
L. M. Kachanov [5] and Y. N. Rabotnov [6] suggested the following evolution equations for the creep strain ε and a lumped damage state variable ω: ˙ = ˙ ˙ = ˙ where ˙ is the creep strain rate, ˙ is the creep-rate multiplier, is the applied stress, is the creep stress exponent of the material of interest, ˙ is the rate of damage accumulation, ˙ is the damage-rate multiplier, and is ...
Nabarro-Herring creep has a weak stress dependence. Coble creep, or grain-boundary diffusion, is the diffusion of vacancies occurs along grain-boundaries to elongate the grains along the stress axis. Coble creep has a stronger grain-size dependence than Nabarro–Herring creep, and occurs at lower temperatures while remaining temperature dependent.
Grain boundary sliding (GBS) is a material deformation mechanism where grains slide against each other. This occurs in polycrystalline material under external stress at high homologous temperature (above ~0.4 [1]) and low strain rate and is intertwined with creep.
Scrolling on social media is also a way to "disassociate" and give the brain a rest after a long day, Bobinet said. This is an "avoidance behavior," which the habenula controls.
Creep is the flow of material at high temperatures Fatigue is crack growth and propagation due to repeated loading Oxidation is a change in the chemical composition of the material due to environmental factors.