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  2. Alpha decay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_decay

    For example, uranium-238 decays to form thorium-234. While alpha particles have a charge +2 e, this is not usually shown because a nuclear equation describes a nuclear reaction without considering the electrons – a convention that does not imply that the nuclei necessarily occur in neutral atoms.

  3. Alpha particle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_particle

    Secondly, he found the charge-to-mass ratio of alpha particles to be half that of the hydrogen ion. Rutherford proposed three explanations: 1) an alpha particle is a hydrogen molecule (H 2) with a charge of 1 e; 2) an alpha particle is an atom of helium with a charge of 2 e; 3) an alpha particle is half a helium atom with a charge of 1 e.

  4. List of equations in nuclear and particle physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_equations_in...

    Alpha α ; Beta β. 2β. 0v; β + K/L capture ... This article summarizes equations in the theory of nuclear physics and particle physics ... These equations need to ...

  5. Nuclear reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reaction

    (α,n) and (α,p) reactions. Some of the earliest nuclear reactions studied involved an alpha particle produced by alpha decay, knocking a nucleon from a target nucleus. (d,n) and (d,p) reactions. A deuteron beam impinges on a target; the target nuclei absorb either the neutron or proton from the deuteron. The deuteron is so loosely bound that ...

  6. Radioactive decay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_decay

    The alpha particle is an especially strongly bound nucleus, helping it win the competition more often. [57]: 872 However some nuclei break up or fission into larger particles and artificial nuclei decay with the emission of single protons, double protons, and other combinations. [55] Beta decay transforms a neutron into proton or vice versa.

  7. Nuclear chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_chemistry

    Nuclear chemistry is the sub-field of chemistry dealing with radioactivity, nuclear processes, and transformations in the nuclei of atoms, such as nuclear transmutation and nuclear properties. It is the chemistry of radioactive elements such as the actinides , radium and radon together with the chemistry associated with equipment (such as ...

  8. Decay scheme - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decay_scheme

    The decay scheme of a radioactive substance is a graphical presentation of all the transitions occurring in a decay, and of their relationships. Examples are shown below. It is useful to think of the decay scheme as placed in a coordinate system, where the vertical axis is energy, increasing from bottom to top, and the horizontal axis is the proton number, increasing from left to right.

  9. Rutherford scattering experiments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_scattering...

    Thomson did not explain how he arrived at this equation, but this section provides an educated guess and at the same time adapts the equation to alpha particle scattering. [62] Consider an alpha particle passing by a positive sphere of pure positive charge (no electrons) with a radius R and mass equal to those of a gold atom. The alpha particle ...