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The fall of Babylon was the decisive event that marked the total defeat of the Neo-Babylonian Empire to the Achaemenid Empire in 539 BC. Nabonidus , the final Babylonian king and son of the Assyrian priestess Adad-guppi , [ 2 ] ascended to the throne in 556 BC, after overthrowing his predecessor Labashi-Marduk .
Nabonidus, who had retreated to Sippar following his defeat at Opis, fled to Borsippa. [71] Ancient Near East circa 540 BC, prior to the invasion of Babylon by Cyrus the Great. Around [72] 12 October, [73] Persian general Gubaru's troops entered Babylon, again without any resistance from the Babylonian armies, and detained Nabonidus. [74]
538 BC— The Babylonian Captivity ends when Cyrus, king of Persia, allows Jews in Babylon to return to Jerusalem. [1] [2] 535 BC—Phocaean Greek colonists clash at sea with Carthaginians and Etruscans in Battle of Alalia . 534 BC. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus becomes seventh King of Rome, after murdering the sixth king Servius Tullius.
Spar and Lambert (2005) did not include any rulers beyond the first century AD in their list of kings recognised by the Babylonians, [36] but Beaulieu (2018) considered 'Dynasty XIV of Babylon' (his designation for the Parthians as rulers of the city) to have lasted until the end of Parthian rule of Babylonia in the early 3rd century AD. [53]
The Nabonidus Chronicle is an ancient Babylonian text, part of a larger series of Babylonian Chronicles inscribed in cuneiform script on clay tablets.It deals primarily with the reign of Nabonidus, the last king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, covers the conquest of Babylon by the Persian king Cyrus the Great, and ends with the start of the reign of Cyrus's son Cambyses II, spanning a period ...
The year 539 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.In the Roman Empire, it was known as year 215 Ab urbe condita.The denomination 539 BC for this year has been used since the early-medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Meanwhile Cyrus occupied Babylon and ordered to destroy the exterior walls of the city, because the city seemed very formidable to him and difficult to capture. Afterward Cyrus marched to Borsippa, in order to organize the siege against Nabonidus. But Nabonidus did not await the end of the siege, and surrendered." [7]
The Nabonidus Chronicle, an ancient Babylonian document now on display at the British Museum. The date of this conflict is somewhat problematic. As seen in the Cylinder of Sippar, the conflict began in the third year of Nabonidus' reign, which is in 553 BCE, and the Nabonidus Chronicle seems to date the defeat of Media in the sixth year of Nabonidus (i.e., 550 BCE). [2]