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Distal airway obstruction predominantly produces expiratory sounds. [5] The presence of expiratory phase wheezing signifies that the patient's peak expiratory flow rate is less than 50% of normal. [6] Wheezing heard in the inspiratory phase, on the other hand, is often a sign of a stiff stenosis, usually caused by tumors, foreign bodies or ...
A cough that is four weeks or longer in duration is considered chronic for children. [31] Most common causes for children include asthma, respiratory tract infections and GERD. An estimation of between one and 21% of children suffer from chronic cough. [2] [32] [33] Causes typically diagnosed include viral bronchitis, post-infectious cough ...
Similarly, examination may reveal wheezing and prolonged expiratory phase, or may be quite normal. Consequently, a potential for under-diagnosis exists. Measurement of airflow, such as peak expiratory flow rates, which can be done inexpensively on the track or sideline
Common, all ages, [3] typically children under 5-years [5] Adenovirus infection is a contagious viral disease , caused by adenoviruses , commonly resulting in a respiratory tract infection . [ 1 ] [ 10 ] Typical symptoms range from those of a common cold , such as nasal congestion , coryza and cough , to difficulty breathing as in pneumonia ...
Asthma is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs. [4] Asthma occurs when allergens, pollen, dust, or other particles, are inhaled into the lungs, causing the bronchioles to constrict and produce mucus, which then restricts oxygen flow to the alveoli.
Typically found in young children and is the most common cause at this age. [31] Generally occurs after a viral infection of adenovirus (types 3, 7, and 21), measles (rubeola), mycoplasma, CMV, influenza, and parainfluenza. [4] [6] Swyer-James syndrome is a rare complication of bronchiolitis obliterans caused by measles or adenovirus. [32]
Air trapping, also called gas trapping, is an abnormal retention of air in the lungs where it is difficult to exhale completely. [1] It is observed in obstructive lung diseases such as asthma, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Laryngeal edema is a common cause of stridor post extubation (occurring from pressure of the endotracheal tube on the mucosa as a result of endotracheal tube that is too large (e.g. pediatrics), cuff over inflation, and prolonged intubation times.); [2] tumor (e.g., laryngeal papillomatosis, squamous cell carcinoma of larynx, trachea or esophagus);