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The official chart of the IPA, revised in 2020. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script.It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation for the sounds of speech. [1]
This morpheme is pronounced /s/, /z/, or /ᵻz/, [note 1] depending on the nature of the preceding sound. If the preceding sound is a sibilant consonant (one of /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/), or an affricate (one of /tʃ/, /dʒ/), the plural marker takes the form /ᵻz/. Examples: mass /ˈmæs/, plural masses /ˈmæsᵻz/ fez /ˈfɛz/, plural fezzes ...
A phonological rule is a formal way of expressing a systematic phonological or morphophonological process in linguistics.Phonological rules are commonly used in generative phonology as a notation to capture sound-related operations and computations the human brain performs when producing or comprehending spoken language.
It is regarded as a variant of Z in Finnish. In Finnish, the letter ž is used in loan words, džonkki and maharadža , and in romanization of Russian and other non-Latin alphabets. In Finnish and Estonian, it is possible to replace ž with zh when it is technically impossible to typeset the accented character.
Notes: In the tables, the hyphen has two different meanings. A hyphen after the letter indicates that it must be at the beginning of a syllable, e.g., j - in jumper and ajar. A hyphen before the letter indicates that it cannot be at the beginning of a word, e.g., - ck in sick and ticket.
In Maltese, ż represents the voiced alveolar sibilant [z], pronounced like "z" in English "maze". This contrasts with the letter z , which represents the voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate [ts] , like in the word "ha ts ".
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[vague] An example may be seen in M. B. Moore's 1863 book The Dixie Primer, for the Little Folks. [3] Historically, the figure is a ligature for the letters Et. In English and many other languages, it is used to represent the word and, plus occasionally the Latin word et, as in the abbreviation &c (et cetera).