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[181] [180] According to Oxford, a similar outbreak occurred in March 1917 at army barracks in Aldershot, [182] and military pathologists later recognized these early outbreaks as the same disease as the Spanish flu. [183] [180] The overcrowded camp and hospital at Étaples was an ideal environment for the spread of a respiratory virus.
Infection and replication of the influenza virus. The steps in this process are discussed in the text. Typically, influenza is transmitted from infected mammals through the air by coughs or sneezes, creating aerosols containing the virus, and from infected birds through their droppings .
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends the use of oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza) for the treatment and/or prevention of infection with swine influenza viruses; however, the majority of people infected with the virus make a full recovery without requiring medical attention or antiviral drugs. [67]
Perhaps the most notable is the so-called “Spanish flu” of 1918–1919, when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates “an avian-like H1N1 virus” killed 50 million ...
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration said Tuesday that samples of pasteurized milk had tested positive for remnants of the bird flu virus that has infected dairy cows. “To date, we have seen ...
It may cause respiratory disease resembling human influenza on its own, or it may be part of a bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex with other pathogens during co-infection. BRD is a concern for the cattle industry, so influenza D virus' possible involvement in BRD has led to research on vaccines for cattle that can provide protection ...
The U.S. Department of Agriculture reported the first-ever H5N1 virus infection in a dairy cow in Texas on March 25, following reports of decreased milk yields in multiple states.
On November 7, the CDC reported asymptomatic bird flu infection in 4 workers at dairy farms. The workers didn't recall ever being sick but had antibodies showing that they had been infected with bird flu. [98] On November 22, the CDC confirmed the first case of bird flu in a U.S. child, being the 55th case of bird flu in humans in the U.S.