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  2. Seismic anisotropy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_anisotropy

    The favored methods for detecting seismic anisotropy are shear wave splitting, seismic tomography of surface waves and body waves, and converted-wave scattering in the context of a receiver function. In shear-wave splitting, the S wave splits into two orthogonal polarizations, corresponding to the fastest and slowest wavespeeds in that medium ...

  3. Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikheyev–Smirnov...

    In the case of normal neutrino mass hierarchy, and ,, transitions occurred inside the star, then and oscillated inside the Earth. Due to the differences in the distance traveled by neutrinos to Kamiokande, IMB and Baksan within the Earth, the MSW effect can partially explain the difference of the Kamiokande and IMB energy spectrum of events.

  4. Geopotential spherical harmonic model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geopotential_spherical...

    For example, at a radius of 6600 km (about 200 km above Earth's surface) J 3 /(J 2 r) is about 0.002; i.e., the correction to the "J 2 force" from the "J 3 term" is in the order of 2 permille. The negative value of J 3 implies that for a point mass in Earth's equatorial plane the gravitational force is tilted slightly towards the south due to ...

  5. Tidal tensor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_tensor

    The most common example of tides is the tidal force around a spherical body (e.g., a planet or a moon). Here we compute the tidal tensor for the gravitational field outside an isolated spherically symmetric massive object. According to Newton's gravitational law, the acceleration a at a distance r from a central mass m is

  6. Theta wave - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theta_wave

    Theta waves generate the theta rhythm, a neural oscillation in the brain that underlies various aspects of cognition and behavior, including learning, memory, and spatial navigation in many animals. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It can be recorded using various electrophysiological methods, such as electroencephalogram (EEG), recorded either from inside the ...

  7. Monochromatic electromagnetic plane wave - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic...

    This expansion and recollapse cycle is reminiscent of the expanding and recollapsing FRW cosmological models, and it occurs for a similar reason: the presence of nongravitational mass-energy. In the FRW models, this mass energy is due to the mass of the dust particles; here, it is due to the field energy of the electromagnetic wave field.

  8. Schwarzschild metric - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild_metric

    In Einstein's theory of general relativity, the Schwarzschild metric (also known as the Schwarzschild solution) is an exact solution to the Einstein field equations that describes the gravitational field outside a spherical mass, on the assumption that the electric charge of the mass, angular momentum of the mass, and universal cosmological constant are all zero.

  9. Omega meson - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega_meson

    The quark composition of the ω meson can be thought of as a mix between u u, d d and s s states, but it is very nearly a pure symmetric u u-d d state.