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In the Bible, a scapegoat is one of a pair of kid goats that is released into the wilderness, taking with it all sins and impurities, while the other is sacrificed. The concept first appears in the Book of Leviticus , in which a goat is designated to be cast into the desert to carry away the sins of the community.
The scapegoat theory of intergroup conflict provides an explanation for the correlation between times of relative economic despair and increases in prejudice and violence toward outgroups. [11] Studies of anti-black violence ( racist violence) in the southern United States between 1882 and 1930 show a correlation between poor economic ...
Girard believed that we cannot truly escape this mimetic desire, and that any attempts to do so would simply land you playing the game of mimesis on a different level. A new desire for peace must develop in order for the violence of scapegoating to end. However, the model for this desire must somehow rise above the tendency to scapegoat. [5]
The Scapegoat (Du Maurier novel), a 1957 novel by Daphne du Maurier; Scapegoat, an investigation into the trial of Richard Hauptmann; Scapegoat: The Jews, Israel, and Women's Liberation, a 2000 book by Andrea Dworkin "The Scapegoat" (Cherryh novel), a 1985 novella by science fiction writer C. J. Cherryh; The Scapegoat, a novel by Hall Caine
According to The Expositor's Bible Commentary, Azazel is the Hebrew word for scapegoat. This is the only place that the Hebrew word is found in the whole Hebrew Old Testament. It says that the Book of Enoch, (extra-biblical Jewish theological literature, dated around 200 B.C.) is full of demonology and reference to fallen angels.
[13] Turning his interest towards the anthropological domain, Girard began to study anthropological literature and proposed his second great hypothesis: the scapegoat mechanism, which is at the origin of archaic religion and which he sets forth in his second book Violence and the Sacred (1972), a work on fundamental anthropology.
More recently, both Daniel Ogden, The Crooked Kings of Ancient Greece (1997) and Todd Compton, Victim of the Muses: Poet as Scapegoat, Warrior and Hero (2006) examine poet pharmakoi. Compton surveys important poets who were exiled, executed or suffered unjust trials, either in history, legend or Greek or Indo-European myth.
The Scapegoat (1854–1856) is a painting by William Holman Hunt which depicts the "scapegoat" described in the Book of Leviticus. On the Day of Atonement , a goat would have its horns wrapped with a red cloth – representing the sins of the community – and be driven off.