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The second typology (according to the nature of the underlying amount) is determined by the needs of users of the variance information and may include e.g.: Variable cost variances Direct material variances; Direct labour variances; Variable production overhead variances; Fixed production overhead variances; Sales variances
Direct labor and overhead are often called conversion cost, [3] while direct material and direct labor are often referred to as prime cost. [3] In marketing, it is necessary to know how costs divide between variable and fixed. This distinction is crucial in forecasting the earnings generated by various changes in unit sales and thus the ...
By function: production, administration, selling and distribution, or research and development. By behavior: fixed, variable, or semi-variable. Fixed costs remain unchanged irrespective of changes in the production volume over a given period of time. Variable costs change according to the volume of production.
An important part of standard cost accounting is a variance analysis, which breaks down the variation between actual cost and standard costs into various components (volume variation, material cost variation, labor cost variation, etc.) so managers can understand why costs were different from what was planned and take appropriate action to ...
Unit costs include all fixed costs and all variable costs involved in production. Cost unit is a form of measurement of volume of production or service. [1]
Along with variable costs, fixed costs make up one of the two components of total cost: total cost is equal to fixed costs plus variable costs. In accounting and economics, fixed costs, also known as indirect costs or overhead costs, are business expenses that are not dependent on the level of goods or services produced by the business. They ...
A pre-determined overhead rate is normally the term when using a single, plant-wide base to calculate and apply overhead. Overhead is then applied by multiplying the pre-determined overhead rate by the actual driver units. Any difference between applied overhead and the amount of overhead actually incurred is called over- or under-applied overhead.
The cost of goods produced in the business should include all costs of production. [10] The key components of cost generally include: Parts, raw materials and supplies used, Labor, including associated costs such as payroll taxes and benefits, and; Overhead of the business allocated to production. Most businesses make more than one of a ...