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Astaxanthin is produced naturally in the freshwater microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis, the yeast fungus Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (also known as Phaffia rhodozyma) and the bacteria Paracoccus carotinifaciens. [7] [8] When the algae are stressed by lack of nutrients, increased salinity, or excessive sunshine, they create astaxanthin. [9]
[2] [3] The three types of omega−3 fatty acids involved in human physiology are α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). ALA can be found in plants, while DHA and EPA are found in algae and fish. Marine algae and phytoplankton are primary sources of omega−3 fatty acids. [4]
These blooms are recognizable by large blades of algae that may wash up onto the shoreline. [14] Once the nutrient is present in the water, the algae begin to grow at a much faster rate than usual. In a mini bloom, this fast growth benefits the whole ecosystem by providing food and nutrients for other organisms. [10]
Spirulina is the dried biomass of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) that can be consumed by humans and animals. The three species are Arthrospira platensis, A. fusiformis, and A. maxima. Cultivated worldwide, Arthrospira is used as a dietary supplement or whole food. [1]
Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) bloom on Lake Erie (United States) in 2009. These kinds of algae can cause harmful algal bloom. A harmful algal bloom (HAB), or excessive algae growth, is an algal bloom that causes negative impacts to other organisms by production of natural algae-produced toxins, water deoxygenation, mechanical damage to other organisms, or by other means.
The same protective benefits that are of value to the seaweed plant have also found to be of potential benefit for both human and animal health. Fucoidan extracts are utilised in a range of therapeutic health care preparations, being incorporated as high value ingredients in nutritional, medical device, skincare and dermatological products.
Hanouneh cautions, however, that it is important to address the underlying cause of constipation rather than rely on laxatives, which can lead to dependency and cause the body to become less able ...
The consumption of Ascophyllum nodosum has been proven to have dental benefits in humans, [27] [28] dogs [29] [30] and cats. [30] In addition to dental benefits, A. nodosum can reduce inflammation and speed up healing, especially after a serious injury. [6] Brown algae contains fucoidans, which are sulfated, fucose-rich polymers.