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The CNO cycle (for carbon–nitrogen–oxygen; sometimes called Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle after Hans Albrecht Bethe and Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker) is one of the two known sets of fusion reactions by which stars convert hydrogen to helium, the other being the proton–proton chain reaction (p–p cycle), which is more efficient at the Sun's ...
At the Sun's core temperature of 15.5 million K the PP process is dominant. The PP process and the CNO process are equal at around 20 MK. [1] Scheme of the proton–proton branch I reaction. The proton–proton chain, also commonly referred to as the p–p chain, is one of two known sets of nuclear fusion reactions by which stars convert ...
The CNO cycle dominates in stars heavier than the Sun. An important fusion process is the stellar nucleosynthesis that powers stars, including the Sun. In the 20th century, it was recognized that the energy released from nuclear fusion reactions accounts for the longevity of stellar heat and light.
On the sun, where fusion occurs naturally, the strong gravitational pull keeps hydrogen atoms from dispersing. Scientists can do the same thing with magnets, but that comes with another set of ...
Most people realize our Sun is producing light and heat from the fusion of hydrogen into helium. Typically, there are two processes by which smaller stars create fusion. The first of these, the ...
Scientists have achieved record breaking temperatures within an ‘artificial sun’ reactor, marking a major advance in the development of nuclear fusion energy.. The new world record saw a ball ...
The one benefit of using only deuterium is that unlike many other fusion candidates (especially tritium), Earth’s oceans and atmosphere contain a lot of the isotope, also known as heavy water ...
Various authors have also put forth ways to organize all the fusion approaches that have been tested over the past 70+ years. This flow chart above groups the approaches into color coded families, these are: the Pinch Family (orange), The Mirror Family (red), Cusp Systems (violet), Tokamaks & Stellarators (Green), Plasma Structures (gray), Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (dark yellow ...