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George Elton Mayo (26 December 1880 – 7 September 1949) was an Australian born psychologist, [1] [2] [3] industrial researcher, and organizational theorist. [4] [5] Mayo was formally trained at the University of Adelaide, acquiring a Bachelor of Arts Degree graduating with First Class Honours, majoring in philosophy and psychology, [4] and was later awarded an honorary Master of Arts Degree ...
The Hawthorne Studies were conducted at the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric from 1924 into the early 1930s. They began as a study of the effect of lighting on worker performance. Elton Mayo was instrumental in identifying the psychological basis of the phenomena observed in the experiments. The studies determined that motivation is not ...
The term "Hawthorne effect" was coined in 1953 by John R. P. French [7] after the Hawthorne studies were conducted between 1924 and 1932 at the Hawthorne Works (a Western Electric factory in Cicero, outside Chicago). The Hawthorne Works had commissioned a study to determine if its workers would become more productive in brighter or dimmer ...
The most notable of which is the study of the “Hawthorne effect” by George Elton Mayo, where subjects alter their behaviour as a response to being observed – a study that is noted as having the potential to have never been achieved if not for the funding and support of the CIP and the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory. [10]
Elton Mayo's work has been widely attributed to the discovery of the 'social person', allowing for workers to be seen as individuals rather than merely robots designed to work for unethical and unrealistic productivity expectations. However, this theory has been contested, as Mayo's purported role in the human relations movement has been ...
Roethlisberger, alongside Elton Mayo and others, conducted a series of experiments, focusing on factors like lighting, rest periods, payment systems, and approaches to management approaches. [3] The Hawthorne studies revealed insights that challenged traditional principles in organizational behavior.
The Hawthorne experiment took place in 1924 in the city of Chicago. Elton Mayo is widely known as the person behind the project. However, his involvement started in 1928 after he was invited by George Pennock, the assistant works manager for the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric.
The Hawthorne Experiments sought to determine a correlation between light levels and productivity. Researchers divided employees into teams of six and interviewed individuals to assess the effect of lighting. Mayo discovered that the interview program established by the study naturally instilled a sense of higher purpose in the employees. [8]