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The English word politics has its roots in the name of Aristotle's classic work, Politiká, which introduced the Ancient Greek term politiká (Πολιτικά, 'affairs of the cities'). In the mid-15th century, Aristotle's composition was rendered in Early Modern English as Polettiques , [a] [9] which became Politics in Modern English.
The political state everywhere needs the guarantee of spheres lying outside it. [ 1 ] He as yet was saying nothing about the abolition of private property, does not express a developed theory of class, and "the solution [he offers] to the problem of the state/civil society separation is a purely political solution, namely universal suffrage."
The Concept of the Political (German: Der Begriff des Politischen) is a 1932 book by the German philosopher and jurist Carl Schmitt, in which the author examines the fundamental nature of the "political" and its place in the modern world. The Concept of the Political was published in the last days of Weimar Germany. [1]
The study of politics and policies can be closely connected—for example, in comparative analyses of which types of political institutions tend to produce certain types of policies. [10] Political science provides analysis and predictions about political and governmental issues. [ 11 ]
The modern day concept of political liberty has its origins in the Greek concepts of freedom and slavery. [9] To be free, to the Greeks, was not to have a master, to be independent from a master (to live as one likes). [10] [11] That was the original Greek concept of freedom. It is closely linked with the concept of democracy, as Aristotle put it:
In political science, a political ideology is a certain ethical set of ideals, principles, doctrines, myths, or symbols of a social movement, institution, class, or large group that explains how society should work, offering some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order.
This concept originated from his materialist idea of history as a conflict between classes , from the conflictual nature of politics considered as a fight for acquisition and deployment of power (Machiavelli), and finally from the non-egalitarian, hierarchical structure of society. Unlike Marx, Mosca has not a narrow concept of historical time ...
Political class (or political elite) is a concept in comparative political science, originally developed by Italian political theorist Gaetano Mosca (1858–1941). It refers to the relatively small group of activists that is highly aware and active in politics , and from whom the national leadership is largely drawn.