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  2. Cryptogram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptogram

    A cryptogram is a type of puzzle that consists of a short piece of encrypted text. [1] Generally the cipher used to encrypt the text is simple enough that the cryptogram can be solved by hand. Substitution ciphers where each letter is replaced by a different letter, number, or symbol are frequently used.

  3. Aristocrat Cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocrat_Cipher

    The method creates a chain-reaction when a letter is decrypted, this means that after decrypting a word, the letters of that word can be used to decrypt other words. [ 9 ] Depending on the type of cipher, a brute force attack method can be used, which attempts to use all possible keys for the encryption. [ 10 ]

  4. Frequency analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_analysis

    Eve could use frequency analysis to help solve the message along the following lines: counts of the letters in the cryptogram show that I is the most common single letter, [2] XL most common bigram, and XLI is the most common trigram. e is the most common letter in the English language, th is the most common bigram, and the is the most common ...

  5. List of ciphertexts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ciphertexts

    Olivier Levasseur's treasure cryptogram Unsolved 1760–1780 Copiale cipher: Solved in 2011 1843 "The Gold-Bug" cryptogram by Edgar Allan Poe: Solved (solution given within the short story) 1882 Debosnys cipher: Unsolved 1885 Beale ciphers: Partially solved (1 out of the 3 ciphertexts solved between 1845 and 1885) 1897 Dorabella Cipher ...

  6. Letter frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_frequency

    The California Job Case was a compartmentalized box for printing in the 19th century, sizes corresponding to the commonality of letters. The frequency of letters in text has been studied for use in cryptanalysis, and frequency analysis in particular, dating back to the Arab mathematician al-Kindi (c. AD 801–873 ), who formally developed the method (the ciphers breakable by this technique go ...

  7. Cipher disk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipher_disk

    When encoding a message using a cipher disk, a character is always used to mean “end of word.” The frequency of said character is abnormally high and thus easily detected. [ 2 ] If this character, however, is omitted, then the words run together and it takes much longer for the recipient to read the message.

  8. Today’s NYT ‘Strands’ Hints, Spangram and Answers for Friday ...

    www.aol.com/today-nyt-strands-hints-spangram...

    In today's puzzle, there are six theme words to find (including the spangram). Hint: The first one can be found in the top-half of the board. Here are the first two letters for each word: FO. FE ...

  9. Null cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_cipher

    In classical cryptography, a null is an extra character intended to confuse the cryptanalyst.In the most common form of a null cipher, the plaintext is included within the ciphertext and one needs to discard certain characters in order to decrypt the message (such as first letter, last letter, third letter of every second word, etc.) [1] Most characters in such a cryptogram are nulls, only ...