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  2. Inside South Africa's 'ruthless' gang-controlled gold mines

    www.aol.com/inside-south-africas-ruthless-gang...

    There are tens of thousands of illegal miners in South Africa, with Mr Van Wyk saying they number about 36,000 alone in Gauteng province - the country's economic heartland, where gold was first ...

  3. 2023 Boksburg gas leak - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Boksburg_gas_leak

    Illegal gold miners, commonly referred to as "zama zamas", operate in abandoned mine shafts and use the empty gas cylinders, known as "phendukas", to process the stolen ore. The cylinders, often stolen, are first drained of gas, then cut open so that ore can be placed in them along with a steel ball which crushes the ore as the cylinder is rotated.

  4. Galamsey - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galamsey

    Galamsey in Ghana. Galamsey refers to illegal small-scale gold mining in Ghana. [1] The term is derived from the English phrase "gather them and sell". [2] Historically, galamsey referred to traditional small-scale mining practices in Ghana, where local communities would gather and search for gold in rivers and streams.

  5. Zama zama - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zama_zama

    Zama zamas are illegal artisanal miners in South Africa who occupy closed or operational mines to mine for minerals such as gold, iron ore, coal, and manganese. The term zama zama loosely translates to "take a chance" in isiZulu and they use rudimentary tools and explosives for mining.

  6. South African residents try to rescue trapped illegal miners ...

    www.aol.com/news/south-african-residents-try...

    South African President Cyril Ramaphosa deployed more than 3,000 troops to combat illegal mining activity last November. Since the operation's creation through the beginning of this month, more ...

  7. Deaths from gold mine collapse in Suriname rise to 14, with 7 ...

    www.aol.com/news/deaths-gold-mine-collapse...

    The number of people killed when an illegal gold mine collapsed in Suriname rose to 14 on Tuesday, with seven others missing in what is considered the South American country’s worst mining accident.

  8. 2009 Harmony Gold mine deaths - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Harmony_Gold_mine_deaths

    Consequently, in reports from Africa the dead are being officially defined as "illegal miners" — or "trespassers" — onto the mineral-claims of the larger corporate mining operators and market consortiums which traditionally depend on government-supported mineral-extraction concessions and export rights granted in areas such as Free State.

  9. Inside the illegal gold mining that's devastating the ...

    www.aol.com/paradise-lost-inside-perus-emergency...

    Illegal gold mining in southeastern Peru has fueled the destruction of a massive swath of rainforest and the killing of dozens of environmental activists.