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Quartz. Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide). The atoms are linked in a continuous framework of SiO 4 silicon–oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical formula of SiO 2. Quartz is, therefore, classified structurally as a framework silicate mineral ...
Agate (/ ˈ æ ɡ ɪ t / AG-it) is a variety of chalcedony, [1] which comes in a wide variety of colors. Agates are primarily formed within volcanic and metamorphic rocks.The ornamental use of agate was common in Ancient Greece, in assorted jewelry and in the seal stones of Greek warriors, [2] while bead necklaces with pierced and polished agate date back to the 3rd millennium BCE in the Indus ...
Chalcedony. Chalcedony (/ kælˈsɛdəni / kal-SED-ə-nee, or / ˈkælsəˌdoʊni / KAL-sə-doh-nee) [2] is a cryptocrystalline form of silica, composed of very fine intergrowths of quartz and moganite. [3] These are both silica minerals, but they differ in that quartz has a trigonal crystal structure, while moganite is monoclinic.
Jasper, an aggregate of microgranular quartz and/or cryptocrystalline chalcedony and other mineral phases, [1][2] is an opaque, [3] impure variety of silica, usually red, yellow, brown or green in color; and rarely blue. The common red color is due to iron (III) inclusions. Jasper breaks with a smooth surface and is used for ornamentation or as ...
Moss agate. Moss agate is a semi-precious gemstone formed from silicon dioxide. It is a form of chalcedony which includes minerals of a green color embedded in the stone, forming filaments and other patterns suggestive of moss. [1] The field is a clear or milky-white quartz, and the included minerals are mainly oxides of manganese or iron.
Porphyry (geology) Porphyry (/ ˈpɔːrfəri / POR-fə-ree) is any of various granites or igneous rocks with coarse-grained crystals such as feldspar or quartz dispersed in a fine-grained silicate -rich, generally aphanitic matrix or groundmass. In its non-geologic, traditional use, the term porphyry usually refers to the purple-red form of ...
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