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Of these, the epicuticle is a multi-layered external barrier that, especially in terrestrial arthropods, acts as a barrier against desiccation. The strength of the exoskeleton is provided by the underlying procuticle, which is in turn secreted by the epithelial cells in the epidermis, [ 2 ] which begins as a tough, flexible layer of chitin .
The Rare Earth hypothesis argues that planets with complex life, like Earth, are exceptionally rare.. In planetary astronomy and astrobiology, the Rare Earth hypothesis argues that the origin of life and the evolution of biological complexity, such as sexually reproducing, multicellular organisms on Earth, and subsequently human intelligence, required an improbable combination of astrophysical ...
Movement on appendages is the most common form of terrestrial locomotion, it is the basic form of locomotion of two major groups with many terrestrial members, the vertebrates and the arthropods. Important aspects of legged locomotion are posture (the way the body is supported by the legs), the number of legs, and the functional structure of ...
Illustration of the inferred size of the super-Earth CoRoT-7b (center) in comparison with Earth and Neptune. A Super-Earth or super-terran or super-tellurian is a type of exoplanet with a mass higher than Earth, but substantially below those of the Solar System's ice giants, Uranus and Neptune, which are 14.5 and 17.1 times Earth's, respectively. [1]
Biomimetics or biomimicry is the emulation of the models, systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The terms "biomimetics" and "biomimicry" are derived from Ancient Greek : βίος ( bios ), life, and μίμησις ( mīmēsis ), imitation, from μιμεῖσθαι ( mīmeisthai ...
Some models may have changeable genital inserts and other interchangeable parts which permit a unisex model to represent an individual of either sex. [citation needed] Although 3D computer models of anatomy now exist as an alternative, physical anatomical models still have advantages in providing insight into anatomy. [2]
Edward Hitchcock's fold-out paleontological chart in his 1840 Elementary Geology. Although tree-like diagrams have long been used to organise knowledge, and although branching diagrams known as claves ("keys") were omnipresent in eighteenth-century natural history, it appears that the earliest tree diagram of natural order was the 1801 "Arbre botanique" (Botanical Tree) of the French ...
The 1944 accretion model by Otto Schmidt was further developed in a quantitative way in 1969 by Viktor Safronov. [4] He calculated, in detail, the different stages of terrestrial planet formation. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Since then, the model has been further developed using intensive numerical simulations to study planetesimal accumulation.